ASTM_D_2413_-_99_2009.pdf

Designation:D241399(Reapproved 2009)Standard Practice forPreparation of Insulating Paper and Board Impregnated witha Liquid Dielectric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2413;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the preparation of insulating paperand board impregnated with a liquid dielectric.Where thispractice states only“paper,”the same procedure shall apply toboard.1.2 This practice has been found practicable for papershaving nominal thickness of 0.05 mm(2 mil)and above.It hasbeen used successfully for insulating board as thick as 6 mm(14in.)when care is taken to ensure the specimen geometrynecessary for valid measurement of dielectric properties.Suit-able geometry depends on the electrode system used.Rigidsolid opposing electrodes require flat specimens that haveessentially parallel surfaces.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D117 Guide for Sampling,Test Methods,and Specificationsfor Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum OriginD149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permit-tivity(Dielectric Constant)of Solid Electrical InsulationD202 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing UntreatedPaper Used for Electrical InsulationD257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating MaterialsD924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor(or Power Factor)and Relative Permittivity(Dielectric Constant)of Electri-cal Insulating LiquidsD1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage ofInsulating Liquids Using VDE ElectrodesD1933 Specification for Nitrogen Gas as an Electrical Insu-lating MaterialD3394 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing ElectricalInsulating BoardD3426 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsUsing Impulse Waves3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUse Terminology D1711 for definitions ofterms used in this practice and associated with electrical orelectronic materials.4.Summary of Practice4.1 The paper is heated and vacuum dried and the liquiddielectric degassed.The paper may be dried in loose form orassembled between electrodes.The liquid dielectric may beheated and degassed prior to introducing it into the chambercontaining the dried paper or it may be degassed as it isintroduced into the evacuated chamber containing the driedpaper.A sufficient length of time is allowed for the impregnat-ing process depending on the apparent density of the paper andmethod of impregnation.The impregnated specimens aresubsequently tested for various selected electrical properties.5.Significance and Use5.1 DissipationFactorandRelativePermittivityKnowledge of these properties is important in the design ofelectrical equipment such as cables,transformers,insulators,etc.The numerical product of these two properties of adielectric system is proportional to the energy loss converted toheat,and is called its loss index(see Terminology D1711).Theenergy loss reduces the efficiency of electrical equipment.Theheat produced tends to chemically degrade the dielectricmaterial and may even lead to thermal runaway.Test results ofimpregnated specimens can disclose significant differencesbetween combinations of papers and oils that appear similarwhen the papers and the oils are tested separately.Dissipation1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electricaland Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD09.19 on Dielectric Sheet and Roll Products.Current edition approved Oct.1,2009.Published February 2010.Originallyapproved in 1965.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2413 99(2005).DOI:10.1520/D2413-99R09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 factor,particularly at elevated temperatures,is often changedsignificantly by the presence of a small quantity of impuritiesin either the liquid or the paper.This practice is useful in thecomparison of materials and in evaluating the effects ofdifferent papers on a given liquid.Judicious analysis of resultswith respect to time,temperature,and field strength should beuseful in predicting the performance and capabilities of sys-tems using the pa