ASTM_D_2386_-_15e1.pdf

Designation:D2386151Designation:16/15Standard Test Method forFreezing Point of Aviation Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2386;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1NOTEA mercury caveat was removed from the scope editorially in July 2015.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tem-perature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals may form inaviation turbine fuels and aviation gasoline.NOTE1The interlaboratory program that generated the precisions forthis test method did not include aviation gasoline.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specificwarning statements,see 5.4,Section 6,and 8.3.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation GasolinesD1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of DistillateFuels(Withdrawn 2010)3D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometers2.2 Energy Institute Standard:IP Standards for Petroleum and Its Products IP 16/1543.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 freezing point,nin aviation fuels,the fuel tempera-ture at which solid hydrocarbon crystals,formed on cooling,disappear when the temperature of the fuel is allowed to riseunder specified conditions of test.3.1.2 crystallization point,nthe temperature at whichcrystals of hydrocarbons first appear when the test sample iscooled.4.Significance and Use4.1 The freezing point of an aviation fuel is the lowesttemperature at which the fuel remains free of solid hydrocar-bon crystals that can restrict the flow of fuel through filters ifpresent in the fuel system of the aircraft.The temperature of thefuel in the aircraft tank normally falls during flight dependingon aircraft speed,altitude,and flight duration.The freezingpoint of the fuel must always be lower than the minimumoperational tank temperature.4.2 Freezing point is a requirement in Specifications D910and D1655.5.Apparatus5.1 Jacketed Sample TubeA double-walled,unsilveredvessel,similar to a Dewar flask,the space between the innerand outer tube walls being filled at atmospheric pressure withdry nitrogen or air.The mouth of the sample tube shall beclosed with a stopper supporting the thermometer andmoisture-proof collar through which the stirrer passes(Fig.1).A cork stopper is recommended.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved June 1,2015.Published June 2015.Originallyapproved in 1965.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2386 06(2012).DOI:10.1520/D2386-15E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Energy Institute,61 New Cavendish St.,London,WIG 7AR,U.K.,http:/www.energyinst.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.2 CollarsMoisture-proof collars as shown in Fig.2 shallbe used to prevent condensation of moisture.5.3 StirrerShall be made of 1.6 mm brass or stainless steelrod bent into a smooth three-loop spiral at the bottom.NOTE2The stirrer may be mechanically actuated as described in theapparatus section of Test Method D3117.5.4 VacuumFlaskAnunsilveredvacuumflask(WarningImplosion hazard)having the minimum dimen-sions shown in Fig.1 shall be used to hold an adequate volumeof cooling liquid and permit the necessary depth of immersionof the jacketed sample tube.5.5 ThermometerA total immersion type,having a rangefrom 80 C to+20 C,designated as ASTM No.114C/IP No.14C.(See Specification E1,or Appendix A,IP StandardThermometers,Volume 2,IP Standard Methods for Analysisand Testing of Petroleum and Related Products.)NOTE3The