ASTM_D_2940_-_D_2940M_-_20.pdf

Designation:D2940/D2940M20Standard Specification forGraded Aggregate Material for Bases or Subbases forHighways or Airports1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2940/D2940M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This specification covers quality-controlled graded ag-gregates that,when hauled to and properly spread and com-pacted on a prepared grade to appropriate density standards,may be expected to provide adequate stability and load supportfor use as highway or airport bases or subbases.NOTE1The engineer is cautioned to provide appropriate constructionspecifications to ensure compaction to an extent that further densificationfrom traffic loadings on the completed pavement will be insignificant.Themethod suggested is to require compaction on a firm foundation of a shortcontrol strip of the material at a suitable moisture content,by means ofvibratory or other proven effective rollers or tampers,until no furtherincrease in density results.Compaction requirements should ensure that anaverage density of certain appropriate percentages of the control stripmaximum density be achieved on the balance of the job;for base courses,98%is suggested as the minimum average requirement.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in nonconformancewith the standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material.These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures)shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-m(No.200)Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by WashingC136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine andCoarse AggregatesD8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-mentsD75/D75M Practice for Sampling AggregatesD2419 Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils andFine AggregateD4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit,Plastic Limit,andPlasticity Index of SoilsD4792/D4792M Test Method for Potential Expansion ofAggregates from Hydration ReactionsD5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage ofFractured Particles in Coarse AggregateD7928 Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution(Grada-tion)of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation(Hydrometer)AnalysisE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process3.Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard,seeTerminology D8.4.General Requirements4.1 Coarse aggregate retained on the 4.75-mm(No.4)sieveshall consist of durable particles of crushed stone,gravel,orslag capable of withstanding the effects of handling,spreading,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.50 onAggregate Specifications.Current edition approved May 1,2020.Published May 2020.Originallyapproved in 1971.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2940/D2940M 15.DOI:10.1520/D2940_D2940M-20.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.and compacting with