ASTM_D_2014_-_97_2010.pdf

Designation:D201497(Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forExpansion or Contraction of Coal by the Sole-Heated Oven1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2014;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a large-scale laboratory test forobtaining information on the expansion or contraction of coalor coal blends during carbonization under specified conditions.This test method is applicable in the examination of coals orcoal blends intended for use in the manufacture of coke.1.2 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded asstandard.Inch-pound units shall be accepted on an equivalentbasis.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for AnalysisD2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sampleof CoalD3302 Test Method for Total Moisture in CoalE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3.Summary of Test Method3.1 During the test,a measured thickness of coal about 102mm(4 in.)is heated from the bottom surface while a forcecorresponding to 15.2 kPa(2.20 psi)is applied to the topsurface through a piston.At the end of the test,the thickness ofthe coke is measured by observing the final position of thepiston.4.Significance and Use4.1 The values determined in this test method indicate towhat extent a given coal or coal blend will expand or contractduring the carbonization process when evaluated in terms ofpertinent experience with other coals and coal blends andprocessing conditions used in commercial-type coke ovens.5.Apparatus5.1 Test Oven Assembly,consisting of the following:eithera single-chamber oven having approximately 280-mm(11-in.)width,610-mm(24-in.)length,and 280-mm depth,or adouble-chambered oven with two chambers each having ap-proximately 280-mm width,length,and depth;a heatingsystem to heat the charge(s)unidirectionally through the soleaccording to a controlled program;piston(s)arranged so that aconstant load may be applied to the top surface of the charge;and suitable instrumentation so that appropriate temperaturesand the position of the piston(s)may be measured.Theauxiliary equipment includes apparatus facilitating the charg-ing of the oven in a standard manner.The vertical partition ofthe double-chambered oven may be of 2-in.(51-mm)firebricktile or equivalent.5.1.1 Carbonization Chamber:5.1.1.1 The sole shall be of silicon carbide tile,about 40 mm(1.5 in.)thick,305 mm(12 in.)wide,and extending approxi-mately 75 mm(3 in.)beyond the carbonization chamber at thefront and back.Side,front,and back walls should be 40-mmfirebrick tile or equivalent.It is appropriate to key the sole tothe side and back tiles.The top edges of sidewalls shall be heldin an adjustable steel framework so that the walls may be madeand maintained precisely perpendicular to the sole.Hole(s)6.35 mm(0.25 in.)in diameter shall be provided through theside of the oven to enable the placement of thermocouple(s)onthe top surface of the sole in the center of the oven chamber(s).5.1.1.2 In constructing the oven,the sides and ends of thecarbonization chamber shall be surrounded with at least 200mm(8 in.)of insulating refractories and the whole assemblyencased in a suitable restraining structure of steel shapes andplates designed to provide dimensional stability.5.1.2 Sole-Heating System:5.1.2.1 The heating system shall consist of a group ofelectrical heating elements mounted under the silicon carbidesole and suitable equipment to provide automatic control.Heating elements may be either silicon carbide-type resistanceelements or coils of heating wire enclosed in silica tubes.Elements shall be arranged to obtain minimum variation oftemperature over the area of the sole.It is desirable to1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coaland Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on MetallurgicalProperties of Coal and Coke.Current edition approved May 1,2010.Published May 2010.Originallyapproved in 1962.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2014 97(2004).DOI:10.1520/D2014-97R10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 incorporate a maximum number of supports f