ASTM_D_1975_-_16.pdf

Designation:D197516Standard Test Method forEnvironmental Stress Crack Resistance of Plastic InjectionMolded Open Head Pails1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1975;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method provides procedures for an indicationof the environmental stress crack resistance of plastic injectionmolded open head pails,covers,and components as a summa-tion of the effects of container design,resin,manufacturingconditions,field performance,and other factors.1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate a containersresistance to mechanical failure by cracking when in thepresence of chemical and physical stresses.1.3 Two procedures are provided as follows:1.3.1 Procedure A,Specified Stress-Crack Resistance TestMethodThis procedure is particularly useful for qualitycontrol since the conditions of the test are specified.1.3.2 Procedure B,User Selected Stress-Crack ResistanceTest MethodThis procedure allows individual selection oftest levels and is particularly useful as a design and develop-ment tool.1.4 These procedures are not designed to test the ability ofthe cover gasketing material or closure to retain the testreagent.Loss or leakage of the reagent through these openingsdoes not constitute container failure.However,this mayindicate an internal pressure loss that might affect test results.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warningstatements are given in 6.2,10.2.3,10.2.4,10.2.6,and 10.2.8.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers,Packages,orPackaging Components for TestingE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsReference Terminology D996 for defini-tions applicable to this test method.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 environmental stress crackan external or internalcrack that develops when a container is exposed to chemical orphysical stresses,or both.3.2.2 stress crack failureany environmental stress crackthat causes a loss or leakage of the test reagent shall beinterpreted as container failure.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The environmental stress-crack resistance is determinedby subjecting an injection molded open head pail and coverthat is filled and sealed with a stress-crack reagent to amechanical top load at elevated temperatures.The recom-mended minimum test duration shall be 14 days,or as specifiedby the user.The time to stress-crack failure is observed.4.1.1 ProcedureAexposes a minimum of three containers tospecified levels of chemical and physical stresses.4.1.2 Procedure B exposes containers to varying chemicaland physical stresses based on the users knowledge andobjectives.5.Significance and Use5.1 These procedures provide an indication of the environ-mental stress-crack resistance of injection molded open head1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on ShippingContainers and Systems-Application of Performance Test Methods.Current edition approved June 1,2016.Published July 2016.Originally approvedin 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1975 95(2010).DOI:10.1520/D1975-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 pails,covers,and components from a selected group or lot.Provided the thermal history of each container is constant,thistest method may be used for determining the applicability ofvarious plastic resins and mold designs for injection molding ofopen head pails and covers.5.2 The environmental stress-crack that occurs is indicativeof what results when a container is exposed to agents such assoaps,organics,or any surface active solutions while underenvironmental conditions of stress.5.3 Environmental stress-cracking is a mechanism ofchemical attack that is highly dependent upon the test reagent