ASTM_D_3888_-_15_2022.pdf

Designation:D388815(Reapproved 2022)Standard Terminology forYarn Spinning Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3888;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology covers terms related to ring,rotor,andair jet yarn spinning systems.1.1.1 This standard formerly only included terminologyrelated to open-end spinning.It has been expanded to includeterms relating to ring and air jet spinning systems.1.1.2 While the term rotor spinning is technically correct,the terms rotor and open-end are used interchangeably in thetextile industry.1.1.3 While the clarifying examples given in this terminol-ogy do not cover industrial yarns and fibers,the technicalspinning principles are also valid for this category of textilematerials.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2255 Test Method for Grading Spun Yarns for AppearanceD3888 Terminology for Yarn Spinning SystemsD3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects3.Significance and Use3.1 Terminology D3888 was originally developed as aterminology standard for rotor spinning when it evolved as anew yarn spinning technology in the 1980s.Ring spinningproduction had been the traditional spinning since the early1800s when hand spinning became mechanized.Rotor spin-ning and other spinning technologies increased yarn productionrates and formed yarns by different mechanical means thatgenerated yarns with characteristics unlike traditional ring-spun yarns.The revision of this document is intended tocompile terminology for current yarn spinning systems intoone standard rather than individual standards,in that all yarnformation is generated by processing raw fiber into a spun yarnby using common preparation steps,such as opening,cleaning,carding,roving formation,and sometimes combing.Terminol-ogy in this standard is grouped by the type of spinning systemand in chronological order of their development and productionusage.It should be noted that the higher end of yarn numberranges cited with each spinning system are possible but are rarein actual production.4.Terminology4.1 Ring SpinningRing spinning is the oldest spinningsystem in use,therefore ring-spun yarns are the basis forcomparing yarns produced from other spinning systems.SeeFig.1.Production rates are low when compared to newspinning systems.The production delivery capability of ringspinning is limited by traveler velocity and the twist limits ofthe yarn number being made;the speed may range between 10m/min and 20 m/min.Ring spinning allows for the productionof the widest range of yarn numbers from 200 to 2 tex(Nec3/1to 300/1).Ring-spun yarns are produced by drafting rovingsbetween pairs of rollers,twisting the drafted roving by passingit under a traveler that rotates around a fixed ring on the frameof the spinning machine,and winding the twisted strand on aremovable bobbin mounted on a rotating spindle.bobbin,na cylinder(can be slightly tapered;plastic orcardboard),mounted on a spindle of a ring spinning frameon which yarn produced from drafting and twisting iswound.DISCUSSIONYarn from several ring frame bobbins is wound onto acone or cheese to create a larger package from which it can be easilyunwound for use in weaving,knitting,or other processes.carding,va mechanical preparation,utilized by staple fiberspinning systems,that cleans,straightens,and aligns fibersusing wire-covered rolls(or cylinders)that converts fibersinto a sliver.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved Feb.1,2022.Published March 2022.Originallyapproved in 1980.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D3888 15.DOI:10.1520/D3888-15R22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with i