ASTM_D_1761_-_12.pdf

Designation:D176112Standard Test Methods forMechanical Fasteners in Wood1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1761;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThe use of wood and wood-base materials in many structural and other applications often involvesthe use of mechanical fasteners,such as nails,screws,bolts,lag screws,and connectors.Data on thestrength and performance of such fasteners are frequently needed for design and for comparativepurposes.Tests of mechanical fasteners(except nail withdrawal)have been generally regarded asspecial tests and have not been included in the standard methods already established for evaluating theproperties of wood.Many such special tests have been extensively used over a considerable period buthave not previously been established as standards.Presented herewith are methods of conducting testsfor nail,staple,and screw(except machine screws)withdrawal resistance;lateral load transmission bynail,staple,screw,bolt,and timber connector;and load transmission by nail plates.The use ofstandard methods for these tests is recommended as a means of obtaining comparable data and ofeliminating variables in test results because of variations in testing methods.The tests appear in the following order:SectionsNail,Staple,or Screw Withdrawal Test1 to 12Lateral Nail,Staple,or Screw Resistance Test13 to 20Testing Bolted and Timber Connector Joints21 to 30Keywords31NAIL,STAPLE,OR SCREW WITHDRAWAL TEST1.Scope1.1 These test methods provide a basic procedure forevaluating the resistance of wood and wood-base materials todirect withdrawal of nails,staples,and screws.Spikes areincluded as nails in this standard.1.2 The tests also provide a basis for determining compa-rable performance of different types and sizes of nails,staples,and screws in direct withdrawal from wood and wood-basematerials.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of TimberD2395 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity(Rela-tive Density)of Wood and Wood-Based MaterialsD4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-ment of Wood and Wood-Based MaterialsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines2.2 Other Standards:Federal Specification FF-W-92 for Washers,Metal,Flat(Plain)3ANSI B18.6.1 American National Standard for Slotted and1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 onWood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.05 on Wood Assem-blies.Current edition approved Nov.1,2012.Published November 2012.Originallyapproved in 1960.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D1761 06.DOI:10.1520/D1761-12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,DODSSP,Bldg.4,Section D,700 Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia,PA 19111-5098.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 Recessed Head Wood Screws43.Summary of Test Method3.1 Specimens consist of prisms of wood or wood-baseproducts,with nails,staples,or screws driven at right angles toone or more faces.The fasteners are withdrawn at a uniformrate of speed by means of a testing machine,and the maximumload is recorded.Supplementary physical properties of thewood or wood-base product are also determined.4.Significance and Use4.1 The resistance of a species of wood or a wood-baseproduct to direct withdrawal of nails,staples,or screws is ameasure of its ability to hold or be held to an adjoining objectby means of such fasteners.Factors that affect this withdrawalresistance include the physical and mechanical properties ofthe wood;the size,shape,and surface condition of thefasteners;the speed of withdrawal;physical changes to woodor fasteners between time of driving and time of withdrawal;orientation of fiber axis;and the occurrence and nature ofprebored lead holes.4.2 By using a standard size and type of nail,staple,orscrew,withdrawal resistance of a wood species or woodproduct can be determined,and such values for two or morewood species or wood products can be compared.Throughoutthe method this is referred to as the basic withdrawal test.Similarly,comparative per