ASTM_D_4175_-_22e1.pdf

Designation:D4175221Standard Terminology Relating toPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1NOTETerms were transferred and updated editorially in November 2022.1.Scope*1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation ofterminology developed by Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants,except that it does notinclude terms/definitions specific only to the standards inwhich they appear.1.1.1 The terminology,mostly definitions,is unique topetroleum,petroleum products,lubricants,and certain productsfrom biomass and chemical synthesis.Meanings of the sameterms outside of applications to petroleum,petroleum products,and lubricants can be found in other compilations and indictionaries of general usage.1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:(1)in thestandards in which they appear and(2)in this compilation.1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Terminology2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for eachterm showing attributions as to source and subcommitteejurisdiction is in bold print following the definition.Thoseshowing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommit-tee CS 95.Acronyms,abbreviations,and symbols are listedseparately in 2.2,following the defined terms.1,3-butadienehydrocarbon product containing more than99%1,3-butadiene.D02.D0 D5274abrasion,nwear by displacement of material caused by hardparticles or hard protuberances.D02.96 D7684,D7690abrasive wear,nwear due to hard particles or hard protu-berances forced against and moving along a solid surface.D02.B0 D4998;D02.L0 D5182DISCUSSIONAlso called cutting wear in some instances such asmachining swarf.D02.96 D7898absorbance,nlogarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of thereciprocal of the transmittance.D02.03 D7740absorbance,(A),nthe molecular property of a substance thatdetermines its ability to take up radiant energy,expressed by:A 5 log101 T!5 2log10T!where T is the transmittance.DISCUSSIONAbsorbance expresses the excess absorption over thatof a specified reference or standard.It is implied that compensation hasbeen affected for reflectance losses,solvent absorption losses,andrefractive effects,if present,and that attenuation by scattering is smallcompared with attenuation by absorption.D02.14 D7996absorbance,A,nthe molecular property of a substance thatdetermines its ability to take up radiant power,expressed by:A 5 log101/T!5 2log10Twhere T is the transmittance.DISCUSSIONAbsorbance expresses the excess absorption over thatof a specified reference or standard.It is implied that compensation hasbeen affected for reflectance losses,solvent absorption losses,andrefractive effects,if present,and that attenuation by scattering is smallcompared with attenuation by absorption.D02.04 D2008absorbance(A),nthe logarithm to the base 10 of thereciprocal of the transmittance,(T).A 5 log101/T!5 2log10TDISCUSSIONAbsorbance is a measure of the capacity of a substanceto absorb light of a specific wavelength.D02.25 D8470absorptivity,a,nthe specific property of a substance toabsorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and pathlength,expressed by:a 5 Af/bcwhere:A=the absorbance,1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.95 on Terminology.Current edition approved April 1,2022.Published May 2022.Originallyapproved in 1983.Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D4175 20b1.DOI:10.1520/D4175-22E01.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1f=the dilution factor,b=sample cell path length,andc=the quantity of absorbing substance contained in avolume of solvent.D02.04 D2008absorptivity,nthe absorbance divided by the product of theconcentration of the substance and the sample pathlength,a=A/(bc).The units of b and c shall be specified.D02.25D8321accept