ASTM_D_4008_-_16.pdf

Designation:D400816Standard Guide forMeasuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of LaundryDetergents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4008;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide provides direction for measuring the abilityof detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from detergentsolutions onto fabrics.It is intended as a laboratory screeningtest to aid in the formulation of detergent products,for qualitycontrol,and as a basis between the purchaser and seller instandardizing specific products performance.1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent prod-ucts will vary greatly depending on the type of soils and fabricsused in the test.Therefore,selection of the soils,fabrics,reference detergents,and test conditions shall be made byagreement between the interested parties on the basis ofexperience.1.3 There is no single or combination of oily soils orparticulate soils,or both,that will precisely predict overall theperformance of a product or treatment with respect to anti-redeposition as perceived by a consumer.This guide is in-tended to assess or compare detergent performance withrespect to the anti-redeposition performance for the specificsoil chosen.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are tobe regarded separately as the standard.The values given inparentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Material safety datasheets are available for reagents and materials.Review themfor hazards prior to usage.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE97 Method of Test for Directional Reflectance Factor,45-Deg 0-Deg,of Opaque Specimens by Broad-BandFilter Reflectometry(Withdrawn 1991)3E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and WhitenessIndices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 reflectance retentionthe change in reflectance be-tween clean fabric and the same fabric after laundering.3.1.2 soil depositionthe soiling of clean fabrics by soilthat has been added to the wash bath rather than by soilremoved from another fabric.3.1.3 soil redepositionthe soiling of clean,or relativelyclean,fabrics during the laundering process by soil that hasbeen removed from another fabric.4.Summary of Guide4.1 Swatches of clean fabrics are washed,a minimum ofthree times,in solutions of the test detergent prepared tocontain known amounts of particulate and oily soils.4.1.1 Identical clean swatches are similarly exposed toprepared solutions of a suitable reference detergent containingan identical soil load.The ability of the test detergent toprevent soil deposition is estimated by comparing the reflec-tance retention of the swatches washed in the test detergent tothe reflectance retention of those washed in the referencedetergent.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps andOther Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.15 onPhysical Testing.Current edition approved July 1,2016.Published August 2016.Originallyapproved in 1981.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4008 95(2009).DOI:10.1520/D4008-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Significance and Use5.1 The guide can be used to compare anti-redepositionperformance of products;however,there is no confirmed basisfor correlation of this controlled laboratory technique withconsumers ranking of anti-redeposition performance.6.Apparatus6.1 Laboratory WasherA laboratory-scale,agitator-typewashing machine.46.2 Reflectometer or Spectrophotometer.7.Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated,it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.5Other grades may beused,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.7.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise i