ASTM_D_2534_-_88_2012.pdf

Designation:D253488(Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forCoefficient of Kinetic Friction for Wax Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2534;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coef-ficient of kinetic friction for a petroleum wax coating orwax-based hot melt coating when sliding over itself.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related Product(Withdrawn 2010)3D1465 Test Method for Blocking and Picking Points ofPetroleum Wax3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 friction,nthe resistance to sliding exhibited by twosurfaces in contact with each other.Basically there are twofrictional properties exhibited by any surface;static frictionand kinetic friction.3.1.2 kinetic friction,nthe force that resists motion whena surface is moving with a uniform velocity;it is,therefore,equal and opposite to the force required to maintain sliding ofthe surface with a uniform velocity.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A coated surface under load is pulled at a uniform rateover a second coated surface.The force required to move theload is measured,and the coefficient of kinetic friction iscalculated.5.Significance and Use5.1 The coefficient of friction is related to the slip propertiesof many commercial articles that have been coated withpetroleum wax(for example,butter cartons and wax-impregnated or hot melt coated corrugated board).6.Apparatus6.1 Sled Assembly,as shown in Fig.1,weighing 180 6 1 g,and consisting of the following parts:6.1.1 Brass Block,25 mm(1 in.)wide by 13 mm(12in.)thick by 75 mm(3 in.)long,6.1.2 Microscope Slide,cemented to one surface,25 mm(1in.)by 75 mm(3 in.),and6.1.3 Detachable Handle,using 1.5 mm(116in.)weld rod.6.2 Horizontal Plane Assembly and Pulling Device,consist-ing of a metal or wood sheet covered by a smooth,flat piece ofglass approximately 150 by 300 mm(6 by 12 in.).The planeshall be supported by two 250 by 300-mm(10 by 12 in.)diagonal shelf-brackets.A board attached across the bracketsshall be clamped in the jaws of the lower crosshead of anelectronic load cell-type tension tester.Adjust the assembly sothat the glass surface is level.Attach a low-friction pulley at theedge of the plane with the outer side centered directly beneaththe load cell of the testing machine and the bottom side levelwith the sled handle.Connect the sled handle to the load cell ofthe tester by a light,flexible metal cable or polyester cordpassing around the pulley.6.3 Low-Friction Pulley,consisting of a pulley mounted inhardened steel cone bearings on a metal fork.The pulleyshould be constructed from materials having hardness anddurability equivalent to phenolic-type materials.7.Materials7.1 Scissors or Cutter,suitable for cutting waxed specimento the desired dimensions.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical Properties.Current edition approved Nov.1,2012.Published December 2012.Originallyapproved in 1966.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D253488(2007).DOI:10.1520/D2534-88R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.2 Adhesive Tapes,single-faced and double-faced,13 to 20mm(12to34in.)in width.8.Sampling and Test Specimens8.1 Test specimens may be flexible,such as wax-coatedpaper,or rigid,such as wax-coated paperboard or corrugated(Note 1).From each test unit obtained in accordance withPractice D585:8.1.1 For wax-coated paper,cut test specimens of two sizes:250 by 130 mm(10 by 5 in.)and 120 by 25 mm(5 by 1 in.).8.1.2 For wax-coated paperboard or corrugated board,cuttest specimens of two sizes:250 by 130 mm(10 by 5 in.)and75 by 25 mm(3 by 1 in.).NOTE1For evaluation of wax,it is necessary to prepare testspecimens.Test Method D1465 describes the apparatus used for applyingwax to paper,and a method for testing to determine that the correct waxor wax blend has been applied.8.2 The smaller specimen shall be