ASTM_D_2007_-_11.pdf

Designation:D200711Standard Test Method forCharacteristic Groups in Rubber Extender and ProcessingOils and Other Petroleum-Derived Oils by the Clay-GelAbsorption Chromatographic Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2007;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for classifying oilsamples of initial boiling point of at least 260C(500F)intothe hydrocarbon types of polar compounds,aromatics andsaturates,and recovery of representative fractions of thesetypes.This classification is used for specification purposes inrubber extender and processing oils.NOTE1See Test Method D2226.1.2 This test method is not directly applicable to oils ofgreater than 0.1 mass%pentane insolubles.Such oils can beanalyzed after removal of these materials,but precision isdegraded(see Appendix X1).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warningstatements are given in 6.1,Section 7,A1.4.1,and A1.5.5.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2226 Classification for Various Types of Petroleum Oilsfor Rubber Compounding UseD5309 Specification for Cyclohexane 999E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 The following terms refer to the hydrocarbon typesand structural groups as measured by this test method:3.1.2 aromaticsmaterial that,on percolation,passesthrough a column of adsorbent clay in a n-pentane eluent butadsorbs on silica gel under the conditions specified.3.1.3 asphaltenes,or n-pentane insolublesinsoluble mat-ter that precipitates from a solution of oil in n-pentane underthe specified conditions.3.1.4 polar aromaticssynonym for polar compounds.3.1.5 polar compoundsmaterial retained on adsorbentclay after percolation of the sample in n-pentane eluent underthe conditions specified.3.1.6 saturatesmaterial that,on percolation in a n-pentaneeluent,is not adsorbed on either the clay or silica gel under theconditions specified.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is diluted with solvent and charged to aglass percolation column containing clay in the upper sectionand silica gel plus clay in the lower section.n-pentane is thencharged to the double column until a definite quantity ofeffluent has been collected.The upper(clay)section is removedfrom the lower section and washed further with n-pentane.Atoluene-acetone mixture 50 to 50 by volume is then charged tothe clay section for desorption and a specified volume ofeffluent collected.The lower(gel)column may be desorbed byrecirculation of toluene.4.2 The solvents are completely removed from the recov-ered n-pentane and the toluene-acetone fractions and theresidues are weighed and calculated as saturate and polarcompounds contents.Aromatics may be calculated bydifference,or measured following evaporation of the tolueneused for desorption of the gel column.4.3 When the sample contains more than 0.1 mass%ofn-pentane insolubles,this test method cannot be used directly.The insoluble matter must be removed from the sample prior tocharging to the column.A method for this removal is given asan appendix.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.04.0C on Liquid Chromatography.Current edition approved May 1,2011.Published June 2011.Originallyapproved in 1968.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D200703(2008).DOI:10.1520/D2007-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.4 Alternative methods are provided(1)for recovery ofaromatics from the gel column,and(2)for analysis of oil withhigh-polar content.5.Significance and Use5.1 The composition of the oil included in rubber com-pounds has a large effect on the characteristics and uses of thecompounds.The determination of the saturates,aromatics,andpolar compounds is a key analysis of this composition.5.2 The determination of the saturates,aromatics,and polarcom