ASTM_D_2346_-_21.pdf

Designation:D234621Standard Test Method forApparent Density of Leather1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2346;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the appar-ent density of specimens of leather.This test method does notapply to wet blue or wet white.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-ucts for TestingD1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of LeatherTest SpecimensD2347 Test Method for Measuring Area of Leather TestSpecimens3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 apparent densitythe weight of a unit volume of bulkleather conditioned according to Practice D1610.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test method is designed to determine the apparentdensity of specimens from their area and thickness.Bymeasuring apparent density,the degree of loading or ofcompression of leather can be evaluated.The test method isunsuitable for very soft leathers such as chamois whosethickness cannot be accurately measured by the test methodcited.5.Apparatus5.1 Round Die,2.7 in.to 3.0 in.(68.6 mm to 76.2 mm)indiameter.5.2 Mallet or Clicking Machine.5.3 Rule or Steel Tape,graduated in132in.or 0.02 in.or inmillimetres.5.4 Balance and set of weights.5.5 Thickness Gauge as described in Test Method D1813.6.Test Specimen6.1 The test specimen shall be a disk of leather that has beenconditioned as specified in 3.1.1.This specimen may be thesame as that used in Test Method D2347.7.Procedure7.1 Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.001 g.7.2 Measure the thickness to the nearest 0.025-cm in fourquadrants of the specimen disk,equidistant from the rim andcenter(10 mil=0.025 cm).7.3 Measure the area to the nearest second decimal place inaccordance with Test Method D2347.8.Calculation and Report8.1 Calculate the apparent density to the second decimalplace by dividing the weight of the specimen in grams by theproduct of area in square centimetres and the average thicknessin centimetres.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.03 on Footwear.This testmethod was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.(Standard Method E62 1972).Current edition approved Dec.1,2021.Published January 2022.Originallyapproved in 1965 as D2346 65 T.Last previous edition approved in 2013 asD2346 13.DOI:10.1520/D2346-21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1?9.Precision and Bias9.1 Results by the same operator on duplicate,adjacentspecimens from the same skin should not be considered suspectunless the coefficient of variation exceeds 4%.9.2 Results of two laboratories on duplicate specimens,same skin,should not be considered suspect unless the coef-ficient of variation exceeds 10%.10.Keywords10.1 apparent density;area;leather;thicknessASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the riskof infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject