ASTM_D_1816_-_12_2019.pdf

Designation:D181612(Reapproved 2019)Standard Test Method forDielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids UsingVDE Electrodes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1816;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dielec-tric breakdown voltage of insulating liquids(oils of petroleumorigin,silicone fluids,high fire-point mineral electrical insu-lating oils,synthetic ester fluids and natural ester fluids).Thistest method is applicable to insulating liquids commonly usedin cables,transformers,oil circuit breakers,and similar appa-ratus as an insulating and cooling medium.Refer to Terminol-ogy D2864 for definitions used in this test method.1.2 This test method is sensitive to the deleterious effects ofmoisture in solution especially when cellulosic fibers arepresent in the liquid.It has been found to be especially usefulin diagnostic and laboratory investigations of the dielectricbreakdown strength of insulating liquid in insulating systems.21.3 This test method is used to judge if the VDE electrodebreakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquids.This test method should be used as recommended by profes-sional organization standards such as IEEE C57.106.1.4 This test method may be used to obtain the dielectricbreakdown of silicone fluid as specified in Test Method D2225,Specification D4652,or Specification D6871,provided that thedischarge energy into the sample is less than 20 mJ(milli joule)per breakdown for five consecutive breakdowns.1.5 Both the metric and the alternative inch-pound units areacceptable.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits(Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating LiquidsD2225 Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for ElectricalInsulationD2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-uids and GasesD3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used inElectrical ApparatusD4652 Specification for Silicone Fluid Used for ElectricalInsulationD6871 Specification for Natural(Vegetable Oil)Ester FluidsUsed in Electrical Apparatus2.2 IEEE Standard:Standard 4 IEEE Standard Techniques for High VoltageTesting4C57.106 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulat-ing Oil in Equipment43.Significance and Use3.1 The dielectric breakdown voltage of an insulating liquidis of importance as a measure of the liquids ability towithstand electric stress without failure.The dielectric break-down voltage serves to indicate the presence of contaminatingagents such as water,dirt,cellulosic fibers,or conductingparticles in the liquid,one or more of which may be present insignificant concentrations when low breakdown voltages areobtained.However,a high dielectric breakdown voltage doesnot necessarily indicate the absence of all contaminants;it maymerely indicate that the concentrations of contaminants that are1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 onElectrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D27.05 on Electrical Test.Current edition approved Oct.1,2019.Published October 2019.Originallyapproved in 1960 as D1816 60 T.Last previous edition approved in 2012 asD1816 12.DOI:10.1520/D1816-12R19.2Supporting data is available fromASTM Headquarters.Request RR:D27-1006.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers,Inc.,POBox 1331,Piscataway,NJ 08855.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued b