ASTM_D_2214_-_02.pdf

Designation:D 2214 02Standard Test Method forEstimating the Thermal Conductivity of Leather with theCenco-Fitch Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2214;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determinationof the thermal conductivity of leather.The measured param-eters are the area,the thickness,and the temperature differencebetween the two sides of a leather specimen.This test methodis not limited to leather,but may be used for any poorlyconductive material such as rubber,textiles,and cork associ-ated with the construction of shoes.Specimens up to 0.5 in.(13mm)thick may be run.This test method does not apply to wetblue.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE1Thermal conductivity must be measured under steady-stateconditions;however,this transient test method can be used to estimate thethermal conductivity of leather.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and LeatherProducts for Testing23.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 thermal conductivitythe quantity of heat conductedper unit time through unit area of a slab of unit thicknesshaving unit temperature difference between its faces.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A conditioned specimen of leather is placed betweentwo plates at different temperatures.The upper plate is at aconstant temperature while the temperature of the lower plateis slowly changing.The temperature difference is measured bythermocouples.The rate of flow of heat through the specimenis proportional to the area and the temperature difference of thefaces of the specimen,and inversely proportional to thethickness.Assuming no heat loss,the amount of heat flowingthrough the specimen per unit time is equal to the amount ofheat received by the lower plate(copper block receiver)perunit time.5.Significance and Use5.1 Part of the function of a shoe is to assist the foot inmaintaining body temperature and to guard against large heatchanges.The insulating property of a material used in shoeconstruction is dependent on porosity or the amount of airspaces present.A good insulating material has a low thermalconductivity value,k.The thermal conductivity value increaseswith an increase in moisture content since the k value for wateris high,14 by 104calcm/scm4 C(0.59 W/mK).6.Apparatus6.1 Cenco-Fitch Conductivity Apparatus The apparatusshall consist of two parts,the source and the receiver.Thesource shall be a copper vessel,heat insulated on the sides.Thebase of the source shall be a heavy copper plate which shall beface ground and nickel plated.The receiver shall contain aninsulated copper plug which shall also be face ground.Acopper-constantan junction shall be embedded in the base ofthe source and leads connected to a binding post in the side ofthe vessel.A second copper-constantan junction shall beembedded in the copper receiver and leads connected to abinding post on the side of the receiver.The mass of the copperplug shall be stamped on the receiver.6.2 GalvanometerA galvanometer with a linear scaleshall be used to record the current or deflections.If thegalvanometer is so sensitive that the readings are off scale,ashunt or fixed resistor may be connected between the galva-nometer and receiver.6.3 Immersion HeaterAknife-shaped heater shall be usedto maintain a constant temperature of the liquid water at theboiling point.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.03 on Footwear.This testmethod was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.(Standard Method E 60 1965).Current edition approved Sept.10,2002.Published October 2002.Originallypublished as D 2214 63T.Last previous edition D 2214-00.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 15.04.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.6.4 Mass,5-kgA mass of about 5 kg shall be placedaround the collar of the vessel to ensure close contact betweenthe surfaces of the apparatus and the specimen.6.5 MicrometerAmicrometer shall be used to measure thediameter of the copper block and also to measure the thicknessof the specimen.6.6 Metal PlatesTwo uniform metal plates,about 7 by 6in.(178 by 152 mm),shall be used in measuring the thicknessof the specimen.The speci