ASTM_D_20_-_20.pdf

Designation:D2020Standard Test Method forDistillation of Road Tars1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D20;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the distillation of road tars.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D8055 Guide for Selecting an Appropriate Electronic Ther-mometer for Replacing Mercury Thermometers in D04Road and Paving StandardsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3.Summary of Test Method3.1 A 100-g sample is distilled at a controlled rate from a300-mL flask into tared receivers.The masses of distillatefractions at a series of specified temperatures and of residue atthe maximum specified temperature are determined.If desired,the residue and distillates may be used for further testing.4.Significance and Use4.1 The distillation test separates tar into fractions accordingto a series of specified temperatures.5.Apparatus5.1 FlaskA side-arm distillation flask,as shown in Fig.1,conforming to the following dimensions:Diameter of bulb,outside,mm86.0 1.5Diameter of neck,inside,mm22.0 1.0Diameter of side-arm,inside,mm10.0 0.5Height of flask,outside,mm131.0 1.5Vertical distance,bottom of bulb,outside,tohorizontal tangent at side-arm,inside,mm93.0 1.5Length of side-arm,mm220 5Angle of side-arm,deg75 2Thickness of side-arm wall,mm1.0 to 1.55.2 Condenser TubeA tapered glass condenser,as shownin Figs.2 and 3,having the following dimensions:Outside diameter of small end,mm12.5 1.5Outside diameter of large end,mm28.5 3.0Length,mm360 4Length of uniformly tapered part,mm100 55.3 Source of HeatAheat source consisting of a bunsen ormeker-type burner(Note 1)or an electric heater.The electricheater3shall have an output variable of 750 W and an upperrefractory with dimensions as shown in Fig.4.The temperatureof the heater shall be controlled by a variable transformer orrheostat suitable for the voltage used,and shall be fitted with aclamp for mounting on a vertical support rod.NOTE1An artificial gas model used with natural gas has been foundto give a uniform and easily controlled source of heat.5.4 Flask Shield and Cover for Flame DistillationA steelshield(preferably stainless)lined with 3-mm Transite board,non-asbestos,with two-part cover made from 6-mm Transiteboard of the form and dimensions shown in Fig.5.5.5 FlaskShieldandCoverforElectricHeaterDistillationA steel shield(preferably stainless)fitted with1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.43 onSpecifications and Test for Tar and Tar Products.Current edition approved June 1,2020.Published June 2020.Originallyapproved in 1911.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D20 03(2014).DOI:10.1520/D0020-20.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The Precision Ful-Kontrol 750-W heater with built-in variable transformercontrol,available from Precision Scientific Co.,Chicago,IL,has been foundsatisfactory.This heater is only available for 115 V.50/60 Hz.If you are aware ofalternative suppliers,please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.mica windows,and a cover of the same construction anddimen