ASTM_D_2035_-_19.pdf

Designation:D203519Standard Practice forCoagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2035;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a general procedure for the evalu-ation of a treatment to reduce dissolved,suspended,colloidal,and nonsettleable matter from water or wastewater by chemicalcoagulation-flocculation,followed by gravity settling.Theprocedure may be used to evaluate color,turbidity,andhardness reduction.1.2 The practice provides a systematic evaluation of thevariables normally encountered in the coagulation-flocculationprocess.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1293 Test Methods for pH of WaterD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Flowing ProcessStreamsD6855 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Below 5NTU in Static ModeD7315 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Above 1Turbidity Unit(TU)in Static Mode3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard,refer toTerminology D1129.4.Summary of Practice4.1 The coagulation-flocculation test is carried out to deter-mine the chemicals,dosages,and conditions required toachieve optimum results.The primary variables to be investi-gated using the recommended practice include,but are notlimited to:4.1.1 Chemical additives,4.1.2 pH,4.1.3 Temperature,and4.1.4 Order of addition and mixing conditions.5.Significance and Use5.1 This practice permits the evaluation of various coagu-lants and coagulant aids used in the treatment of water andwaste water for the same water and the same experimentalconditions.5.2 The effects of concentration of the coagulants andcoagulant aids and their order of addition can also be evaluatedby this practice.6.Interferences6.1 There are some possible interferences that may make thedetermination of optimum jar test conditions difficult.Theseinclude the following:6.1.1 Temperature Change(During Test)Thermal or con-vection currents may occur,interfering with the settling ofcoagulated particles.This can be prevented by temperaturecontrol.6.1.2 Gas Release(During Test)Flotation of coagulatedfloc may occur due to gas bubble formation caused bymechanical agitator,temperature increase or chemical reaction.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water andWater-Formed Deposits,Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,On-Line Water Analysis,and Surveillance of Water.Current edition approved March 1,2019.Published March 2019.Originallyapproved in 1964.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D2035 13.DOI:10.1520/D2035-19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 6.1.3 Testing-PeriodBiological activity or other factorsmay alter the coagulation characteristics of water upon pro-longed standing.For this reason the period between samplingand testing should be kept to a minimum,with the time beingrecorded.7.Apparatus7.1 Multiple StirrerA multiposition stirrer with continu-ous speed variation from about 20 to 150 rpm should be used.The stirring paddles should be of light gage corrosion-resistantmaterial all of the same configuration and size.An illuminatedbase is useful to observe the floc formation.Precautionarymeasures should be taken to avoid heat being imparted by theillumination system which may counteract normal settli