ASTM_D_1963_-_85_1996.pdf

Designation:D 1963 85(Reapproved 1996)Standard Test Method forSpecific Gravity of Drying Oils,Varnishes,Resins,andRelated Materials at 25/25C1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1963;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specificgravity of drying oils,varnishes,alkyd resins,fatty acids,andrelated materials.1.2 This test method is recommended where precision isrequired in the determination of specific gravity,such asestablishing specifications or referee work.1.2.1 For materials with a kinematic viscosity of 40 stokesor less,use the Leach type pycnometer.1.2.2 For materials with a viscosity in excess of 40 stokes,use the Hubbard-type pycnometer.1.2.3 For materials that are solid or semisolid at 25C butliquid at slightly higher temperatures,use the Hubbard-typepycnometer.NOTE1The weight per gallon cup method is satisfactory for mostroutine laboratory work although the precision does not equal that of thepycnometer method.The test method described herein for use with theHubbard-type pycnometer is applicable to the weight per gallon cupmethod,or Test Method D 1475 may be used.NOTE2Hydrometers also provide a rapid method for checkingspecific gravity and are generally satisfactory for routine control work.However,the precision of the hydrometer method is not adequate whereaccurate results are required.Test Method D 1298 covers the use of thehydrometer in the determination of specific gravity.Most ASTM Hydrometers(See Specification E 100)are calibrated toread specific gravity at 15.5/15.5C(60/60F).Information on sources ofhydrometers calibrated at 25/25C is available at ASTM Headquarters.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardstatements,see Section 6.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1298 Test Method for Density,Relative Density(SpecificGravity)or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer Method2D 1475 Test Method for Density of Paint,Varnish,Lacquer,and Related Products3E 100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers43.Terminology3.1 Definition:3.1.1 specific gravity,of drying oils and varnishestheratio of the mass of a given volume of material at 25C to thatof an equal volume of water at 25C,expressed as follows:Specific gravity at 25/25C_.4.Significance and Use4.1 Specific gravity is a useful measure,since conversionfrom volume to weight,or vice versa,is often required.For thisreason it should be determined with care.4.2 Specific gravity is very sensitive to temperature,and thetemperature of measurement must be controlled,or at leastknown,with high precision.If the specific gravity at sometemperature other than the standard is required,temperaturecorrection factors for this purpose are provided.These factorsmay also be used to correct the specific gravity from someother temperature to the standard 25/25C.4.3 In addition,various procedures are outlined in this testmethod so that specific gravities of materials with widelyvarying viscosities can be accurately measured.4.4 Specific gravity is not a measure of the quality of the oil,and an oil that deviates slightly from the specified limits,butotherwise conforms,is usually completely satisfactory.Spe-cific gravity increases with polymerization or oxidation in aregular manner,and for every bodied or blown oil of a givenviscosity there is an appropriate specific gravity.4.5 Determine the specific gravity in accordance with thistest method,which is capable of high precision and is thereferee method.If less accurate results(3 significant figures)are adequate,“weight-per-gallon”cups as described in TestMethod D 1475 may be used.5.Apparatus5.1 Leach-Type PycnometerA glass pycnometer,conicalin shape and vented by a side arm that has a cap with a1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,andApplications,and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.32 on Drying Oils.Current edition approved Nov.29,1985.Published January 1986.Originallypublished as D 1963 61.Last previous edition D 1963 74(1984).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 06.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.03.1AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS100 Barr Harbor Dr.,West Conshohocken,PA 19428Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.Copyright ASTMstandard-taper No.5/12 joint.A thermometer shall be sealed inthe neck by a standard-taper No.10/18 interchangeable joint.The