ASTM_D_1881_-_97_2009.pdf

Designation:D188197(Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forFoaming Tendencies of Engine Coolants in Glassware1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1881;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a simple glassware test forevaluating the tendency of engine coolants to foam underlaboratory-controlled-conditions of aeration and temperature.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specificwarning statements,see and.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are approximateequivalents provided for information purposes only.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solu-tions of Engine Coolants orAntirusts for Testing PurposesD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3585 Specification for ASTM Reference Fluid for CoolantTestsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE128 Test Method for Maximum Pore Diameter and Perme-ability of Rigid Porous Filters for Laboratory Use3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 break time,nthe time required for the foam tocollapse(after the air supply has been shut off)to the firstappearance of an“eye”on the surface of the test solution.3.1.2 eye,nthe appearance of foam free area on thesurface of the test coolant surrounded by a ring of foamclinging to the cylinder walls.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A solution of coolant and ASTM Type II water is blownwith air at a constant rate for 5 min,while maintained at aconstant temperature of 88 6 1C(190 6 2F)by means of asuitable temperature bath.The volume of foam,and the timefor such foam to break,are measured.5.Significance and Use5.1 The test method generally will distinguish coolants thathave a tendency to foam excessively from those that aresuitable for further evaluation to determine performance inactual service.NOTE1In use,the foaming tendency of a coolant solution may beincreased by service aging or contamination.A properly functioningpressure cap will tend to suppress foaming in coolant solutions.6.Apparatus6.1 ContainerA 500-mL graduated container of heat-resistant glass,having a diameter of 45 to 50 mm and a lengthof 380 mm.6.2 Temperature BathAheat resistant glass container largeenough to permit immersion of the graduated container at leastto the 350 mL graduation mark.A 4000-mL beaker is satisfac-tory.6.3 Heat SourceAny heating system capable of maintain-ing a uniform bath temperature 61C(62F).A750-wattelectric hot-plate is satisfactory.6.4 Aerator TubeA 25.4-mm(1-in.)diameter sphericalgas-diffuser stone3made of fused crystalline alumina grainwhich meets the following specifications when tested inaccordance with the method given in Annex A1:Maximum pore diameter,mNot greater than 80Permeability at a pressureof 2.45 kPa,mL of air/min3000 to 64006.5 ThermometerAn ASTM Partial Immersion Thermom-eter having a range from 20 to+150C(0 to 302F)andconforming to the requirements for Thermometer 1F as pre-scribed in Specification E1.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD15.06 on Glassware Performance Tests.Current edition approved Nov.1,2009.Published December 2009.Originallyapproved in 1961 as D1881 61 T.Last previous edition D1881 97(02)1.DOI:10.1520/D1881-97R09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3For information on aerator supplier and specifications contact ASTM Subcom-mittee D15.06 through ASTM International Headquarters.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.6 Air SupplyA clean and dry source,free from greaseand other contaminants,capable of maintaining the prescribedflow rate through the diffuser stone.6.7 TimerA stop watch or suitable timing device,accurateto 60.2 s.6.8 VentA three-way stopcock inserted in the metered airsupply line immediately ahead of the aerator tube.6.9 Typical Assembly Set-UpA typical apparatus using ahot-plate heat source is shown in Fig.1.7.Materials and Reagents7.1 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated,referencesto water means reagent water as defined by Type II ofSp