ASTM_D_4143_-_89_2009.pdf

Designation:D414389(Reapproved 2009)Standard Guide forTesting Latex Vehicles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4143;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers methods suitable for testing latexvehicles.Certain of these methods were developed expresslyfor testing latex vehicles(Table 1).Others were developed fortesting or analyzing formulated water-or solvent-based coat-ings but would be equally applicable for testing lattices.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints MeasuringKrebs Unit(KU)Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-eterD1417 Test Methods for Rubber LaticesSyntheticD1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings,Inks,and Related ProductsD2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational(Brookfield type)ViscometerD2354 Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Tempera-ture(MFFT)of Emulsion VehiclesD2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers inEmulsion PaintsD3792 Test Method for Water Content of Coatings by DirectInjection Into a Gas ChromatographD3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented CoatingsD4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materialsby Karl Fischer MethodD4758 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Latexes(Withdrawn 2007)3E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass Electrode3.Latex Sampling Methods3.1 Practice D3925 describes sampling procedures for for-mulated(pigmented)coatings that are equally applicable tolatex vehicles.4.Nonvolatile Content4.1 Test Method D2369 has been found suitable for thedetermination of the volatile content of many latex vehicles.Nonvolatile content is obtained by subtracting the results from100.NOTE1Determinations of the volatile content using a shorter baketime than the 60 min recommended in Test Method D2369 should benoted in the report of the results.4.2 The nonvolatile content of latexes may also be deter-mined for quality control purposes with Test Method D4758which specifies baking at 180C for 20 min,conditionsselected to allow completion of testing in 1 h or less.For latexvehicles used in certain air-dry or low temperature bakecoatings,as well as for those that contain temperature-sensitivematerials,the use of the milder test conditions of Test MethodD2369(see 4.1)will more accurately reflect the effectivenonvolatile content.4.2.1 Test Method D4758 is not intended to be employed fordetermining the volatile organic content(VOC)of formulatedcoatings.5.Minimum Film Formation Temperature(MFT)5.1 The MFT is the lowest temperature at which a latex willform a continuous film.Test Method D2354 employs draw-down application of the test latex on a substrate over which a1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.33 on Polymers and Resins.Current edition approved Dec.1,2009.Published December 2009.Originallyapproved in 1982.Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4143 89(2001).DOI:10.1520/D414389R09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 temperature gradient has been established.The lowest tem-perature at which the latex is converted into a clear,continuousfilm corresponds to the minimum film formation temperature.6.Qualitative Polymer Analysis6.1 Chemical identification of the polymeric material con-tained in a latex is readily determined by a method that wasdeveloped for polymer analysis of formulated latex paints.Practice D3168 employs a sequence of drying and subsequentextraction and solution procedures that remove volatile andnonvolatile nonpolymeric materials and isolate the polymericsolids of the latex.The major components of the isolatedpolymeric material are qualitatively identified by infraredabsorption or pyrolysis-gas chromatographic techniques,orboth.7.Density7.1 The density