ASTM_D_4473_-_08.pdf

Designation:D447308Standard Test Method forPlastics:Dynamic Mechanical Properties:Cure Behavior1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4473;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the use of dynamic-mechanical-oscillation instrumentation for gathering and reporting thethermal advancement of cure behavior of thermosetting resin.It may be used for determining the cure properties of bothunsupported resins and resins supported on substrates sub-jected to various oscillatory deformations.1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means fordetermining the cure behavior of supported and unsupportedthermosetting resins over a range of temperatures by freevibration as well as resonant and nonresonant forced-vibrationtechniques,in accordance with Practice D4065.Plots ofmodulus,tan delta,and damping index as a function oftime/temperature are indicative of the thermal advancement orcure characteristics of a resin.1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies,typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.However,it is stronglyrecommended that low-frequency test conditions,generallybelow 1.5 Hz,be utilized as they generally will result in moredefinitive cure-behavior information.1.4 This test method is intended for resin/substrate compos-ites that have an uncured effective elastic modulus in sheargreater than 0.5 MPa.1.5 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtainedunder differing experimental conditions.These apparent differ-ences from results observed in another study can usually bereconciled,without changing the observed data,by reporting infull(as described in this test method)the conditions underwhich the data were obtained.1.6 Due to possible instrumentation compliance,especiallyin the compressive mode,the data generated may indicaterelative and not necessarily absolute property values.1.7 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant andappropriate for use in engineering design.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Note 5.NOTE1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-alsD4065 Practice for Plastics:Dynamic Mechanical Proper-ties:Determination and Report of ProceduresD4092 Terminology for Plastics:Dynamic MechanicalPropertiesASTM/IEEE SI10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units(SI):The Modern Metric System3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions applicable to this testmethod refer to Terminology D4092.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A known amount of thermosetting liquid resin or resin-impregnated substrate is placed in mechanical oscillation ateither a fixed or natural resonant frequency or by free vibrationand at either isothermal conditions,with a linear temperatureincrease or using a time-temperature relation simulating aprocessing condition.The elastic or loss modulus,or both,ofthe composite specimen are measured in shear or compressionas a function of time.The point in time when tan delta ismaximum,and the elastic modulus levels off after an increase,is calculated as the gel time of the resin under the conditions ofthe test.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved March 1,2008.Published April 2008.Originallyapproved in 1985.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4473 03.DOI:10.1520/D4473-08.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 NOTE2The particular method for measuring the elastic and lossmoduli and tan delta depends upon the individual instruments operatingprinciples.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a simple means of character-izing the cure behavior of thermosetting resins using very smallamounts of material(fewer than 3 to 5 g).The data obtainedmay be used for quality control,research and development,andestablishm