ASTM_D_4102_-_82_2015.pdf

Designation:D410282(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forThermal Oxidative Resistance of Carbon Fibers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4102;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedure forthe determination of the weight loss of carbon fibers,exposedto ambient hot air,as a means of characterizing their oxidativeresistance.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units which are provided for infor-mation only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardinformation,see Section 8.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C613/C613M Test Method for Constituent Content of Com-posite Prepreg by Soxhlet Extraction3.Definitions3.1 carbon fibersfibers containing at least 90%carbon byweight made by pyrolysis from synthetic polymeric or pitchfibers and having moduli 70 GPa(107psi).3.2 precursororganic fiber from which carbon fibers areprepared via pyrolysis.Polyacrylonitrile(PAN),rayon,andpitch are commonly used.3.3 fiber finishsurface coating applied to fibers to facilitatehandling or provide better wetting and compatibility of fiberand matrix,or both.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The test method is composed of two parts.The first onespecifies exposure conditions for an accelerated measurement,determining weight loss of the carbon fiber after 24 h in air at375C(707F).The second part specifies conditions for anextended measurement,determining the weight loss resultingfrom 500-h exposure in air at 315C(600F).5.Significance and Use5.1 The test is used to determine the oxidative resistances ofcarbon fibers as a means of selecting the most stable fibers forincorporation in high-temperature fiber-reinforced compositesystems.It can be used for quality control,materialspecification,and for research and development of improvedcarbon fibers.Factors that influence the oxidative resistanceand should be reported are fiber identification,precursor type,fiber modulus,and any information on impurities,particularlymetals.Also note that the presence of finish on the fiber canaffect the oxidative resistance,and thus,alternative specimenpreparations that enable the evaluation of finish effects areincluded.6.Apparatus6.1 Balance,capable of weighing to the nearest 0.1 mg.6.2 Vacuum Oven,capable of providing vacuum of 10 torr(1.3 kPa)or less at 80C(177F).6.3 Circulating Air Oven,with sufficient flow rate andcapability to change the ambient air in the chamber once aminute,while maintaining the temperature within 10C(18F)over the 25C(77F)to 375C(707F)range.6.4 Glass Beakers,borosilicate,250-mL(8.45 oz)or othersize,appropriate for the oven(one per sample).6.5 Wire Mesh Covers,for the beakers to reduce excessiveair turbulence during the exposure.36.6 Boiling Flasks or Erlenmeyer Flasks,borosilicate glass,250-or 500-mL(8.45-or 16.91-oz)size,with standard-taperjoint.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 onComposite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.03 onConstituent/Precursor Properties.Current edition approved Nov.1,2015.Published December 2015.Originallyapproved in 1982.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4102 82(2008).DOI:10.1520/D4102-82R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.320-mesh nickel-chromium wire gauze from Fisher Scientific Co.has beenfound satisfactory for this purpose.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.7 Glass Condensers,borosilicate for the above flasks.6.8 Hot Plate.6.9 Tweezers,stainless steel.7.Reagents and Materials7.1 Methyl Ethyl Ketone(2-butanone)99.5%pure,boilingrange 70.0 to 81.0C(158 to 177.8F),or other suitablesolvents recommended in Test Method C613/C613M.8.Hazards8.1 The methyl ethyl ketone,classified as an irritant and afire hazard,should be handled in a well-ventilated area andshould not be exposed to direct heat or open flame.9.Test Specimen and Sampling9.1 Using clean gloves to prevent any contamination,par-ticularly with salt,unwrap the outer layers,which may havebeen contaminated by previous