ASTM_D_1747_-_09_2014.pdf

Designation:D174709(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forRefractive Index of Viscous Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1747;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of refractiveindexes,accurate to two units in the fourth decimal place,oftransparent and light-colored viscous hydrocarbon liquids andmelted solids that have refractive indexes in the range between1.33 and 1.60,and at temperatures from 80 to 100C.Tem-peratures lower than 80C can be used provided that themelting point of the sample is at least 10C below the testtemperature.1.2 This test method is not applicable,within the accuracystated,to liquids having colors darker thanASTM Color No.4,ASTM color as determined by Test Method D1500,to liquidswhich smoke or vaporize readily at the test temperature,or tosolids melting within 10C of the test temperature.NOTE1The instrument can be successfully used for refractive indicesabove 1.60;but since certified liquid standards for ranges above 1.60 arenot yet available,the accuracy of measurement under these conditions hasnot been evaluated.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 WarningMercury has been designated by EPA andmany state agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system,kidney,and liver damage.Mercury,orits vapor,may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials.Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury-containing products.See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)for details and EPAs website(http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm)for additional informa-tion.Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products,or both,in your state may be prohibited bystate law.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D362 Specification for Industrial Grade Toluene(Withdrawn1989)3D841 Specification for Nitration Grade TolueneD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 refractive indexthe ratio of the velocity of light(ofspecified wavelength)in air,to its velocity in the substanceunder examination.The relative index of refraction is definedas the sine of the angle of incidence divided by the sine of theangle of refraction,as light passes from air into the substance.If absolute refractive index(that is,referred to vacuum)isdesired,this value should be multiplied by the factor 1.00027,the absolute refractive index of air.The numerical value ofrefractive index of liquids varies inversely with both wave-length and temperature.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The refractive index normally is measured by the criticalangle method using monochromatic light from a sodium lamp.The instrument is previously adjusted by means of calibrationobtained with certified liquid standards.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.Current edition approved June 1,2014.Published July 2014.Originally approvedin 1960.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D174709.DOI:10.1520/D1747-09R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Significance and Use5.1 Refractive index is a fundamental physical property thatcan be used in conjunction with other properties to characterizepure hydrocarbons and their mixtures.5.2 The use of refractive index in correlative methods forthe determination of the gross composition of viscous oils andwaxes often requires its measurement at elevated temperatures.6.Apparatus6.1 Refractometer,precision Abb-type,4having a