ASTM_D_4381_-_22.pdf

Designation:D438122Standard Test Method forSand Content by Volume of Construction Slurries1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4381;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the sandcontent of bentonitic slurries used in slurry constructiontechniques.This test method has been modified from APIRecommended Practice 13B.1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.Except,the sieve designation is identified using the“alternative”system in accordance with Practice E11 instead ofthe“standard system,”such that the sieve used is referred to asa No.200 sieve,instead of a 75 m sieve.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method(Laboratory Procedure)D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits and Data Re-cords in Geotechnical DataE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE542 Practice for Gravimetric Calibration of LaboratoryVolumetric Instruments2.2 American Petroleum Institute(API)Standard:API RP 13B Recommended Practice Standard Procedure forTesting Drilling Fluids33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common terms used in this standard,refer to Terminology D653.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The measuring tube of the sand-content set(Fig.1)isfilled with construction slurry and water to the appropriatemarks and is shaken.The mixture is poured through the sieve.The funnel is fitted over the top of the screen and the assemblyinverted,inserting the tip of the funnel into the measuring tube.All material is washed from the screen and the amount of sandread in the measuring tube,as percent by volume.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to determine the percentage ofsand by volume in construction slurry.The significance of thistest method mainly relates to construction slurries used forconcrete wall and drilled piers construction.The range ofmeasurement is too limited for use in applications where thesand content is intended to be greater than 20%,such as in thecases of cement bentonite or soil bentonite walls.5.2 Ahigh sand content in the construction slurry is abrasivefor construction plant such as pumps,and is furthermoreadverse to the formation of a filter cake in applications wherebentonite fluid is used to stabilize an excavation.NOTE1The quality of the result produced by this standard depends onthe competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of theequipment and facilities being used.Agencies that meet the criteria of1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.16 on Grouting.Current edition approved Oct.1,2022.Published October 2022.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4381/D4381M 12,which was withdrawn January 2021 and reinstated in October 2022.DOI:10.1520/D4381-22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Petroleum Institute(API),200 Massachusetts Ave.NW,Suite 1100,Washington,DC 20001,http:/www.api.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations