ASTM_D_4044_-_D_4044M_-_15.pdf

Designation:D4044/D4044M15Standard Test Method for(Field Procedure)for Instantaneous Change in Head(Slug)Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties of Aquifers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4044/D4044M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the field procedure for perform-ing an in situ instantaneous change in head(slug)test.1.2 This test method is used in conjunction with an analyti-cal procedure such as Test Method D4104 to data analysis andto determine aquifer properties.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in either SI Units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.Thevalues in each system may not be exact equivalents;thereforeeach system shall be used independently of the other.Combin-ing values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.Reporting of test results inunits other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformancewith this test method.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as theindustry standard.In addition,they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained.The proce-dures used do not consider material variation,purpose forobtaining the data,special purpose studies,or any consider-ations for the users objectives;and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scopeof these test methods to consider significant digits used inanalysis methods for engineering data.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method inDetermining Hydraulic Properties by Well TechniquesD4104 Test Method(Analytical Procedure)for DeterminingTransmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by Over-damped Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head(Slug Tests)D5785 Test Method for(Analytical Procedure)for Deter-mining Transmissivity of Confined Nonleaky Aquifers byUnderdamped Well Response to Instantaneous Change inHead(Slug Test)D5881 Test Method for(Analytical Procedure)DeterminingTransmissivity of Confined Nonleaky Aquifers by Criti-cally Damped Well Response to Instantaneous Change inHead(Slug)D5912 Test Method for(Analytical Procedure)DeterminingHydraulic Conductivity of an Unconfined Aquifer byOverdamped Well Response to Instantaneous Change inHead(Slug)(Withdrawn 2013)3D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalData3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in thisstandard,refer to Terminology D653.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method describes the field procedures involvedin conducting an instantaneous head(slug)test.The slug test1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved Sept.1,2015.Published September 2015.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4044 96(2008).DOI:10.1520/D4044_D4044M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 method involves causing a sudden change in head in a controlwell and measuring the water level response within that controlwell.Head change may be induced by suddenly injecting orremoving a known quantity or“slug”of water into the well,rapid removal of a mechanical“slug”from below the waterlevel,increasing or decreasing the air pressure in the wellcasing,or emplacement of a mechanical slug into the watercolumn.4.2 The water-level response in the well is a function of themass of water in the well and