ASTM_D_4190_-_08.pdf

Designation:D419008Standard Test Method forElements in Water by Direct-Current Plasma AtomicEmission Spectroscopy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4190;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolvedand total recoverable elements in water,which includes drink-ing water,lake water,river water,sea water,snow,and Type IIreagent water by direct current plasma atomic emission spec-troscopy(DCP).1.2 The information on precision and bias may not apply toother waters.1.3 This test method is applicable to the 15 elements listedin Annex A1(Table A1.1)and covers the ranges in Table 1.1.4 This test method is not applicable to brines unless thesample matrix can be matched or the sample can be diluted bya factor of 200 up to 500 and still maintain the analyteconcentration above the detection limit.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1066 Practice for Sampling SteamD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias ofApplicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on WaterD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for WaterSamples Containing Organic and Inorganic ConstituentsD5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous SamplesD5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specificationsfor Standard Test Methods for Water AnalysisE1097 Guide for Determination of Various Elements byDirect Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminology D1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 LCS,nlaboratory control standard.3.2.2 total recoverable element,na term relating to formsof each element that are determinable by the digestion methodthat is included in this test method.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Elements are determined,either sequentially orsimultaneously,by DCP.4.2 Matrix enhancement or suppression of the emissionsignal can be minimized by the addition of 2000 mg/L oflithium ion to all standards,samples,and blanks.4.3 Dissolved elements are determined by atomizing afiltered and acidified sample directly with no pretreatment.4.4 If the sample is clear,total recoverable elements aredetermined in the same manner as dissolved elements exceptthat sample is unfiltered and acidified.4.5 If there are large particles(non-colloidal)the totalrecoverable elements are determined on a portion of the sampleafter a hydrochloric-nitric acid digestion(12.2 12.5).Thesame digestion procedure is used to determine all total recov-erable elements in this test method.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituentsin Water.Current edition approved Oct.1,2008.Published October 2008.Originallyapproved in 1982.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4190 03.DOI:10.1520/D4190-08.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 NOTE1The volatility of mercury3,4compounds,especially thechlorides,makes it necessary to use considerable care in digesting samplescontaining these elements.The samples must not be boiled unlessprovision is made to prevent loss by volatilization.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful for the determination ofelement concentrations in many natural waters.It has thecapability for the simultaneous determination of up to 15separate elements.High analysis sensitivity can be achievedfor some elements,such as boron and vanadium.6.Interferences6.1 For commonly occurring matrix elements the followingspectral interferences have been observed:6.1.1 Calcium,magnesium,and boron interfere with lead at405.78 nm.6.1.2 Calcium interferes with chromium at 425.43 nm.6.1.3 Magnesium interferes with cadmium at 214.44 nm.6.1.4 Iron interferes with cobalt at 345.35 and 240.73 nm.6.1.5 Cobalt interferes with nickel at 341.48 nm.NOTE2The exact magnitude of these interferences has not beendetermin