ASTM_D_4453_-_11.pdf

Designation:D445311Standard Practice forHandling of High Purity Water Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4453;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice2covers concepts for handling high puritywater samples needed for the measurement of ever-decreasinglevels of specified impurities that are encountered in theoperation of modern high-pressure boilers and turbines.Thehandling of blanks associated with the analysis of high puritywater samples is also covered by this practice.The techniquespresented can help the investigator increase the accuracy ofanalyses performed.1.2 This practice is applicable to water and steam samplesfrom“zero solids treated”once-through or drum-type boilers,reactor coolant water,electronic grade water,or any otherprocess water where analyte concentrations are in the low partsper billion(micrograms per litre)range.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazardsstatements are given in 6.2.3.5,6.1,and 6.3.7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1066 Practice for Sampling SteamD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent Water3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in these testmethods,refer to Terminology D1129.4.Significance and Use4.1 The determination of trace impurities(on the order ofparts per billion)in high purity water places extreme require-ments on all aspects of the analytical system.This is particu-larly true when ubiquitous species such as sodium and chlorideare of interest because they can potentially be introduced ascontaminants at almost every step of an analytical procedure.Contamination can occur during sample collection,duringsample storage by leaching of improperly cleaned containers,during sample transfer,and by handling with pipets,syringes,etc.,and during the actual analysis by contaminated reagentsand sample cells and loop systems.It is also possible that tracecontaminants can be lost from samples by volatilization orprecipitation,by diffusion into the matrix of the containermaterial,and by“plating out”on the walls of sampling lines byflow phenomena.4.2 Strict adherence to a given procedure is necessary toachieve good results at trace levels of analysis because verysmall differences in procedure execution will affect precisionand the addition or loss of nanogram amounts of analyte mayaffect the accuracy of a determination.5.Reagents and Materials5.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.It is intended that all reagents shall conform tothe specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents ofthe American Chemical Society,where such specifications areavailable.4Other grades may be used,provided it is firstascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity topermit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determi-nation.5.2 Purity of Water Reference to water that is used forreagent preparation,rinsing or dilution shall be understood to1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water andWater-Formed Deposits,Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,On-Line Water Analysis,and Surveillance of Water.Current edition approved Feb.1,2011.Published April 2011.Originallyapproved in 1985.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4453 02(2006).DOI:10.1520/D4453-11.2This practice suggests the use of specific techniques.As new techniques aredeveloped or required by lower limits,revision of this practice will likely be needed.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4“Reagent Chemicals,American Chemical Society Specifications,”Am.Chemi-cal Soc.,Washington,DC.For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe American Chemical Society,see“Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals,”BDH Ltd.,Poole,Dorset,U.K.,and the“United States Pharmacopeia.”Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 mean water that conforms to the quantitative specifications ofType II reagent water of Specification D1193.5.3 Hydrochloric Acid(1+1)Dilute concentrated hydro-chloric acid with