ASTM_D_2857_-_22.pdf

Designation:D285722Standard Practice forDilute Solution Viscosity of Polymers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2857;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This practice covers the determination of the dilutesolution viscosity of polymers.There are several ASTMstandards(Test Methods D789,D1243,D1601,and D4603,and Practice D3591)that describe dilute solution viscosityprocedures for specific polymers,such as nylon,poly(vinylchloride),polyethylene,and poly(ethylene terephthalate).Thispractice is written to augment these standards when problemsarise with which the specific procedure is not concerned,orwhen no standard is available for the polymer under investi-gation.1.2 This practice is applicable to all polymers that dissolvecompletely without chemical reaction or degradation to formsolutions that are stable with time at a temperature betweenambient and 150C.Results are usually expressed as relativeviscosity(viscosity ratio),inherent viscosity(logarithmic vis-cosity number),or intrinsic viscosity(limiting viscosity num-ber)(see 3.1).1.3 For polyamides,relative viscosity values by this proce-dure are not equivalent to those determined by Test MethodsD789.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE1This standard and ISO 1628,“PlasticsDetermination ofViscosity Number and Limiting Viscosity Number,”are technicallyequivalent.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for GlassCapillary Kinematic ViscometersD789 Test Method for Determination of Relative Viscosityof Concentrated Polyamide(PA)SolutionsD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1243 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of VinylChloride PolymersD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD1601 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Ethyl-ene PolymersD3591 Test Method for Determining Logarithmic ViscosityNumber of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC)in FormulatedCompoundsD4603 Test Method for Determining Inherent Viscosity ofPoly(Ethylene Terephthalate)(PET)by Glass CapillaryViscometerD5226 Practice for Dissolving Polymer MaterialsE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids2.2 ISO Standard:1628/1 Guidelines for the Standardization of Methods forthe Determination of Viscosity Number and LimitingViscosity Number of Polymers in Dilute Solution32.3 National Institute of Standards and Technology Docu-ment:Circular No.C602 Testing of Glass Volumetric Apparatus41This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.Current edition approved May 1,2022.Published May 2022.Originallyapproved in 1970.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D2857-16.DOI:10.1520/D2857-22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST),100Bureau Dr.,Stop 1070,Gaithersburg,MD 20899-1070,http:/www.nist.gov.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.13.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms pertaining to plastics used inthis test method,refer to Terminology D883.For abbreviationsused in th