ASTM_D_4411_-_03_2014e1.pdf

Designation:D441103(Reapproved 2014)1Standard Guide forSampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4411;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe footnotes of Table 1 were editorially corrected in July 2014.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the equipment and basic proceduresfor sampling to determine discharge of sediment transported bymoving liquids.Equipment and procedures were originallydeveloped to sample mineral sediments transported by riversbut they are applicable to sampling a variety of sedimentstransported in open channels or closed conduits.Procedures donot apply to sediments transported by flotation.1.2 This guide does not pertain directly to sampling todetermine nondischarge-weighted concentrations,which inspecial instances are of interest.However,much of the descrip-tive information on sampler requirements and sediment trans-port phenomena is applicable in sampling for theseconcentrations,and 9.2.8 and 13.1.3 briefly specify suitableequipment.Additional information on this subject will beadded in the future.1.3 The cited references are not compiled as standards;however they do contain information that helps ensure standarddesign of equipment and procedures.1.4 Information given in this guide on sampling to deter-mine bedload discharge is solely descriptive because nospecific sampling equipment or procedures are presently ac-cepted as representative of the state-of-the-art.As this situationchanges,details will be added to this guide.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 12.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD3977 Test Methods for Determining Sediment Concentra-tion in Water Samples3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in thisguide,see Terminology D1129.3.1.1 isokinetica condition of sampling,whereby liquidmoves with no acceleration as it leaves the ambient flow andenters the sampler nozzle.3.1.2sampling verticalan approximately vertical pathfrom water surface to the streambed.Along this path,samplesare taken to define various properties of the flow such assediment concentration or particle-size distribution.3.1.3 sediment dischargemass of sediment transported perunit of time.3.1.4 suspended sedimentsediment that is carried in sus-pension in the flow of a stream for appreciable lengths of time,being kept in this state by the upward components of flowturbulence or by Brownian motion.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 concentration,sedimentthe ratio of the mass of drysediment in a water-sediment mixture to the volume of thewater-sediment mixture.Refer to Practice D3977.3.2.2 depth-integrating suspended sediment sampleraninstrument capable of collecting a water-sediment mixtureisokinetically as the instrument is traversed across the flow;hence,a sampler suitable for performing depth integration.3.2.3 depth-integrationa method of sampling at everypoint throughout a sampled depth whereby the water-sediment1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments,Geomorphology,and Open-Channel Flow.Current edition approved Jan.1,2014.Published March 2014.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4411 03(2008).DOI:10.1520/D4411-03R14E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 mixture is collected isokinetically to ensure the contributionfrom each point is proportional to the stream velocity at thepoint.This method yields a sample that is discharge-weightedover the sampled depth.Ordinarily,depth integration is per-formed by traversing either a depth-or point-integratingsampler vertically at an acceptably slow and constant rate;however,depth integration can also be accomplished withvertical slot samplers.3.2.4 point-integrating suspended-sediment sampleran in-strument capable of collecting water-sediment mixtures isoki-netically.The sampling action can be turned on and off whilethe sampler intake is submerged so as to permit sampling for aspecified period of time;hence,an instrument suitable forperforming point or depth integ