ASTM_D_2412_-_11.pdf

Designation:D241211Standard Test Method forDetermination of External Loading Characteristics of PlasticPipe by Parallel-Plate Loading1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2412;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of load-deflection characteristics of plastic pipe under parallel-plateloading.1.2 This test method covers thermoplastic resin pipe,rein-forced thermosetting resin pipe(RTRP),and reinforced poly-mer mortar pipe(RPMP).1.3 The characteristics determined by this test method arepipe stiffness,stiffness factor,and load at specific deflections.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.NOTE1While this test method can be used in measuring the pipestiffness of corrugated plastic pipe or tubing,special conditions andprocedures are used.These details are included in the product standards,for example,Specification F405.1.5 The text of this test method references notes andfootnotes that provide explanatory material.These notes andfootnotes(excluding those in tables and figures)shall not beconsidered as requirements of the test method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidPlasticsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF405 Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene(PE)Pipeand FittingsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412,and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600,unless otherwise specified.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 ymeasured change of the inside diameter in thedirection of load application expressed in inches(millimetres).3.2.2 initial inside diameter(d)the average of the insidediameters as determined for the several test specimens andexpressed in inches(millimetres).3.2.3 load(F)the load applied to the pipe to produce agiven percentage deflection.Expressed as newtons per metre orpounds-force per linear inch.3.2.4 mean radius(r)the mid-wall radius determined bysubtracting the average wall thickness from the average outsidediameter and dividing the difference by two.Expressed asinches(millimetres).3.2.5 pipe deflection(P)the ratio of the reduction in pipeinside diameter to the initial inside diameter expressed as thepercentage of the initial inside diameter.3.2.6pipe significant events:3.2.6.1 liner cracking or crazingthe occurrence of a breakor network of fine breaks in the liner visible to the unaided eye.3.2.6.2 rupturea crack or break extending entirely orpartly through the pipe wall.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved April 1,2011.Published April 2011.Originallyapproved in 1965.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2412 10a.DOI:10.1520/D2412-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 NOTE2The significant events listed may or may not occur in aspecific pipe material.3.2.6.3 wall crackingthe occurence of a break in the pipewall visible to the unaided eye.3.2.6.4 wall delaminationthe occurrence of any separationin the components of the pipe wall visible to the unaided eye.3.2.7 pipe stiffness(PS)the value obtained by dividing theforce per unit length of specimen by the resulting deflection inthe same units at the prescribed percentage deflection.3.2.8 stiffness factor(SF)the product of pipe stiffness andthe quantity 0.149 r3.3.2.9 DiscussionThe“pipe stiffness”and“stiffness factor”are relate