ASTM_D_2711_-_11.pdf

Designation:D271111Standard Test Method forDemulsibility Characteristics of Lubricating Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2711;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the abilityof oil and water to separate from each other.It is intended foruse in testing medium and high-viscosity lubricating oils.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method(Laboratory Procedure)3.Summary of Test Method3.1 For Oils That Do Not Contain Extreme Pressure(EP)AdditivesA 405-mL sample of the oil and 45 mL of distilledwater are stirred together for 5 min at 82C in a specialgraduated separatory funnel.After a 5-h settling period follow-ing the stirring,a percentage of the water in the oil and thevolumes of water and emulsion separating from the oil aremeasured and recorded.3.2 For Oils That Contain Extreme Pressure(EP)AdditivesA 360-mL sample of the oil and 90 mL of distilledwater are stirred together for 5 min at 82C in a specialgraduated separatory funnel.After a 5-h settling period follow-ing the stirring,percentage of water in the oil and the volumesof water and emulsion separating from the oil are measured andrecorded.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test provides a guide for determining the demulsi-bility characteristic of lubricating oils that are prone to watercontamination and may encounter the turbulence of pumpingand circulation capable of producing water-in-oil emulsions.5.Apparatus5.1 Stirrer,constructed from parts shown in Figs.1-3.NOTE1An air pressure driven motor is suggested to avoid anypotential electrical sparking hazard.5.2 Special Graduated Separatory Funnel,as shown in Fig.4.5.3 Heating Bath,sufficiently large and deep to permit theimmersion of at least two test separatory funnels in the bathliquid up to their 500-mL graduation mark.The bath shall becapable of maintaining a temperature of 82 6 1C and shall beso equipped to hold the separatory funnels securely in aposition so that the vertical axis of the stirrer corresponds to thecenter line of the separatory funnel during the mixing of the oiland water.NOTE2The use of silicone oil as a bath medium is discouraged,sinceany contamination into the oil/water mixture may cause erroneous results.5.4 Centrifuge,as described in Test Method D1796.5.5 Centrifuge Tubes,long-form,195 to 203 mm as de-scribed in Fig.1 of Test Method D1796.6.Materials6.1 Cleaning SolventAny suitable solvent capable ofcleaning and effectively removing any oil or fluid from thestirrer and graduated cylinder.1,1,1-Trichloroethane has beenfound suitable for use in this test method.(Warning1,1,1Trichloroethane,Harmful if inhaled or swallowed.Eyeirritant.High concentration can cause unconsciousness ordeath.)NOTE3In cases in which the use of 1,1,1 trichloroethane isunacceptable,some laboratories are using heptane or mineral spirits asalternative solvents.The effect on the precision of this test method whenusing an alternate solvent has not been determined.6.2 WaterType II reagent grade water conforming toSpecification D1193.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.L0.01 on Metal Removal Fluids and Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct.1,2011.Published November 2011.Originallyapproved in 1968.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D271110.DOI:10.1520/D2711-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.Preparation of Apparatus7.1 Clean the graduated separatory funnel by removing anyfilm of oil with cleaning solvent followed by a wash first withacetone(WarningExtremely flammable vapors may causeflash fires.Use of a sparkless motor recommended)and thenwith tap water.Rinse thoroughly with tap water and then withreagent grade water.7.2 Clean the stirrer by appropriate means,using the