ASTM_D_4139_-_04_2014.pdf

Designation:D413904(Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forDetermining Volatile and Nonvolatile Content of Pigments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4139;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide is intended to aid in the selection of theproper ASTM test method for determining the volatile andnonvolatile content of pigments.NOTE1Test methods for determining the composition of the volatilefraction are not covered by this guide.1.2 The standards included are as follows:StandardSectionASTM DesignationInert or low hiding pigments4.1D280White pigments4.2D280Black pigments4.3D280D1509Aluminum and zinc pigments4.4D280D480Blue pigments4.5D280D1135Green pigments4.6D280Yellow,orange,brown pigments4.7D280D3724Red pigments4.8D280Miscellaneous4.91.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D280 Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture(and OtherMatter Volatile Under the Test Conditions)in PigmentsD480 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing of FlakedAluminum Powders and PastesD1135 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Blue Pig-mentsD1509 Test Methods for Carbon BlackHeating LossD3724 Specification for Synthetic Brown Iron Oxide Pig-ment3.Significance and Use3.1 The nonvolatile content of raw materials may be used todetermine the total nonvolatile content(solids)of paint andrelated coatings.Such information may be useful to coatingsproducers and users for the determination of the total solidsavailable for film formation and for the estimation of thevolatile organic content.4.Procedure4.1 Inert or Low Hiding Pigments:4.1.1 Test Methods D280 contain Method A for pigmentsthat do not decompose at 110C,using a time of 2 h at 105 to110C,and Method B for pigments that decompose at 110C,using vacuum to remove the volatile material.4.1.1.1 Test Methods D280 are applicable to anhydrous andhydrousaluminumsilicate,bariumsulfate,calcium,borosilicate,calcium carbonate,diatomaceous silica,magne-sium silicate,pumice,and wet ground mica pigments fordetermination of hygroscopic moisture and other matter vola-tile under the test conditions.4.2 White PigmentsTest Methods D280 are applicable totitanium dioxide,white lead,and zinc sulfide pigments.4.3 Black Pigments:4.3.1 Test Methods D280 are applicable to synthetic blackiron oxide pigment.4.3.2 Test Methods D1509 is used to determine heating lossin carbon black pigment.4.4 Aluminum and Zinc Pigments:4.4.1 Test Methods D480 include the determination ofnonvolatile matter in aluminum paste.4.4.2 Test Methods D280 are applicable to zinc dust(me-tallic zinc powder).4.5 Blue Pigments:4.5.1 Test Methods D280 are applicable to copper phthalo-cyanine blue and ultramarine blue pigments.4.5.2 Test Methods D1135 include the determination ofmoisture in iron blue pigments by the Brabender moisturetester and by toluene distillation.4.6 Green PigmentsTest Methods D280 are applicable topure chrome green,chrome oxide green,and phthalocyaninegreen pigments.4.7 Yellow,Orange,Brown Pigments:1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.Current edition approved Dec.1,2014.Published December 2014.Originallyapproved in 1982.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4139 04(2009).DOI:10.1520/D4139-04R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.7.1 Test Methods D280 are applicable to zinc yellow(zincchromate),strontium chromate,chrome yellow,chromeorange,cuprous oxide,natural red and brown iron oxide,molybdate orange,ocher,raw and burnt sienna,and raw andburnt umber pigments.4.7.2 Specification D3724 specifies methods for the deter-mination of moisture and other volatile matter in syntheticbrown iron oxide pigment,requiring use of Test MethodsD280,Method A for pigments containing less than 8%ferrousiron oxide and Method B for pigments containing more than8%ferrous iron oxide.4.8 Red PigmentsTest Methods D280 are applicable tonatural red and brown iron oxide,synthetic red iron oxide,purepara red toner,red lead,and pure toluidine red toner pigments.4.9 MiscellaneousNo recommended methods are avail-able for pigments not specifically listed in 4.1 through 4.8.Procedures to be used for determination of volatile andnonvolatile content of pigments not specified in 4.1 4.8should b