ASTM_D_4106_-_15.pdf

Designation:D410615Standard Test Method for(Analytical Procedure)for Determining Transmissivity andStorage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by theTheis Nonequilibrium Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4106;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers an analytical procedure fordetermining the transmissivity and storage coefficient of anonleaky confined aquifer.It is used to analyze data onwater-level response collected during radial flow to or from awell of constant discharge or injection.1.2 This analytical procedure,along with others,is used inconjunction with the field procedure given in Test MethodD4050.1.3 LimitationsThe limitations of this test method fordetermination of hydraulic properties of aquifers are primarilyrelated to the correspondence between the field situation andthe simplifying assumptions of this test method(see 5.1).1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated,in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard.In addition,they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained.The proce-dures used do not consider material variation,purpose forobtaining the data,special purpose studies,or any consider-ations for the users objectives;and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analyticalmethods for engineering design.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method inDetermining Hydraulic Properties by Well TechniquesD4050 Test Method for(Field Procedure)for Withdrawaland Injection Well Testing for Determining HydraulicProperties of Aquifer SystemsD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalData3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,see Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 observation wella well open to all or part of anaquifer.3.2.2 unconfined aquiferan aquifer that has a water table.3.3 Symbols and Dimensions:3.3.1 K LT1hydraulic conductivity.3.3.2 Kxyhydraulic conductivity in the horizontal plane,radially from the control well.3.3.3 Kzhydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction.3.3.4 Q L3T1discharge.3.3.5 S ndstorage coefficient.3.3.6 SsL1specific storage.3.3.7 T L2T1transmissivity.3.3.8 W(u)ndwell function of u.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved April 15,2015.Published June 2015.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4106 96(2008).DOI:10.1520/D4106-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.3.9 b Lthickness of aquifer.3.3.10 r Lradial distance from control well.3.3.11 s Ldrawdown.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method describes an analytical procedure foranalyzing data collected during a withdrawal or injection welltest.The field procedure(see Test Method D4050)involvespumping a control well at a constant rate and measuring thewater level response in one or more observation wells orpiezometers.The water-level response in the aquifer is afunction of the transmissivity and storage coefficient of theaquifer.Alternatively,this test method can be performed byinjecting water at a constant rate into the aquifer through thecontrol well.Analysis of buildup of water level in response toinjection is similar to analysis of drawdown of water level inresponse to withdrawal in a confined aquifer.Drawdown ofwater level is analyzed