ASTM_D_4052_-_22.pdf

Designation:D405222Standard Test Method forDensity,Relative Density,and API Gravity of Liquids byDigital Density Meter1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4052;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density,relative density,and API Gravity of petroleum distillates andviscous oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquidsat the temperature of test,utilizing either manual or automatedsample injection equipment.Its application is restricted toliquids with total vapor pressures(see Test Method D5191)typically below 100 kPa and viscosities(see Test Method D445or D7042)typically below about 15 000 mm2/s at the tempera-ture of test.The total vapor pressure limitation however can beextended to 100 kPa provided that it is first ascertained thatno bubbles form in the U-tube,which can affect the densitydetermination.Some examples of products that may be testedby this procedure include:gasoline and gasoline-oxygenateblends,diesel,jet,basestocks,waxes,and lubricating oils.1.1.1 Waxes and highly viscous samples were not includedin the 1999 interlaboratory study(ILS)sample set that wasused to determine the current precision statements of themethod,since all samples evaluated at the time were analyzedat a test temperature of 15 C.Wax and highly viscous samplesrequire a temperature cell operated at elevated temperaturesnecessary to ensure a liquid test specimen is introduced foranalysis.Consult instrument manufacturer instructions forappropriate guidance and precautions when attempting toanalyze wax or highly viscous samples.Refer to the Precisionand Bias section of the method and Note 9 for more detailedinformation about the 1999 ILS that was conducted.1.2 In cases of dispute,the referee method is the one wheresamples are introduced manually as in 6.2 or 6.3,as appropri-ate for sample type.1.3 When testing opaque samples,and when not usingequipment that is capable of automatic bubble detection,proper procedure shall be established so that the absence of airbubbles in the U-tube can be established with certainty.For thedetermination of density in crude oil samples use Test MethodD5002.1.4 The values stated in SI units are regarded as thestandard,unless stated otherwise.The accepted units of mea-sure for density are grams per millilitre(g/mL)or kilogramsper cubic metre(kg/m3).1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements,see 3.2.1,Section 7,9.1,10.2,and Appendix X1.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products(Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1250 Guide for the Use of the Joint API and ASTMAdjunct for Temperature and Pressure Volume CorrectionFactors for Generalized Crude Oils,Refined Products,andLubricating Oils:API MPMS Chapter 11.1D1298 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer Method1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.Current edition approved May 1,2022.Published May 2022.Originallyapproved in 1981.Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D4052 18a.DOI:10.1520/D4052-22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standard