ASTM_D_2937_-_17e2.pdf

Designation:D2937172Standard Test Method forDensity of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2937;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1NOTEEditorially corrected Example Data Sheet in Appendix X1 in April 2017.2NOTEEditorially updated units of measurement statement in April 2018.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of in-placedensity of soil by the drive-cylinder method.The test methodinvolves obtaining an intact soil sample by driving a thin-walled cylinder into the soil and conducting specific measure-ments and calculations for the determination of in-placedensity.When sampling or in-place density is required atdepth,Test Method D1587 should be used.1.2 This test method is not recommended for samplingorganic or friable soils which may compress during sampling.This test method may not be applicable for soft,organic,highlyplastic,noncohesive,saturated or other soils which are easilydeformed,compress during sampling,or which may not beretained in the drive cylinder sampler.This test may not beapplicable with very hard natural soils or heavily compactedsoils that may not be easily penetrated with the drive cylindersampler.The use of this test method in soils containing anappreciable amount of particles larger than 4.75 mm(316in.)may result in damage to the drive cylinder equipment.Soilscontaining particles larger than 4.75 mm(316in.)may not yieldvalid results if voids are created along the wall of the cylinderduring driving,or if particles are dislodged from the sampleends during trimming.1.3 This test method is limited to the procedures necessaryfor obtaining specimens suitable for determining the in-placedensity and water content of certain soils.The procedures,precautions,and requirements necessary for selecting locationsfor obtaining intact samples,suitable for laboratory testing orotherwise determining engineering properties,is beyond thescope of this test method.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4.1 It is common practice in the engineering/constructionprofession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unitof mass(lbm)and a unit of force(lbf).This implicitlycombines two separate systems of units;that is,the absolutesystem and the gravitational system.It is scientifically unde-sirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-poundunits within a single standard.As stated,this standard includesthe gravitational system of inch-pound units and does notuse/present the slug unit for mass.However,the use ofbalances or scales recording pounds of mass(lbm)or therecording of density in lbm/ft3shall not be regarded asnonconformance with this standard.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026,unless superseded by this standard.1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard.In addition,they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained.The proce-dures used do not consider material variation,purpose forobtaining the data,special purpose studies,or any consider-ations for the users objectives;and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special andConstruction Control Tests.Current edition approved Feb.1,2017.Published February 2017.Originallyapproved in 1971.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2937 10.DOI:10.1520/D2937-17E02.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accorda