ASTM_D_3414_-_98_2011e1.pdf

Designation:D341498(Reapproved 2011)1Standard Test Method forComparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils by InfraredSpectroscopy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3414;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThis test method received editorial corrections in June 2011.1.Scope1.1 This test method provides a means for the identificationof waterborne oil samples by the comparison of their infraredspectra with those of potential source oils.1.2 This test method is applicable to weathered or unweath-ered samples,as well as to samples subjected to simulatedweathering.1.3 This test method is written primarily for petroleum oils.1.4 This test method is written for linear transmission,butcould be readily adapted for linear absorbance outputs.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 8.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3325 Practice for Preservation of Waterborne Oil SamplesD3326 Practice for Preparation of Samples for Identificationof Waterborne OilsD3415 Practice for Identification of Waterborne OilsE131 Terminology Relating to Molecular SpectroscopyE168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-tative AnalysisE275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance ofUltraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod refer to Terminology E131 and Terminology D1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 weathering of waterborne oilthe combined effects ofevaporation,solution,emulsification,oxidation,biologicaldecomposition,etc.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The spill sample and potential source oil(s)are treatedidentically to put them in an appropriate form for analysis byinfrared spectrophotometry.The oils are transferred to suitableinfrared cells and the spectra are recorded from 4000 to 600 cm-1for KBr cells,and to 650 cm-1for HATR cells with ZnSecrystals.All analyses are performed on the same instrumentusing the same sample cell,which is cleaned between samples.The spectra of the sample and the potential source oil(s)arethen compared by superimposing one upon the other,lookingat particular portions of the spectra.A high degree of coinci-dence between the spectra of the sample and a potential sourceoil indicates a common origin.This test method is recom-mended for use by spectroscopists experienced in infrared oilidentification or under close supervision of such qualifiedpersons.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means for the comparison ofwaterborne oil samples with potential sources.The waterbornesamples may be emulsified in water or obtained from beaches,boats,oil-soaked debris,and so forth.5.2 The unknown oil is identified by the similarity of itsinfrared spectrum with that of a potential source oil obtainedfrom a known source,selected because of its possible relation-ship to the unknown oil.5.3 The analysis is capable of comparing most oils.Diffi-culties may be encountered if a spill occurs in an alreadypolluted area,that is,the spilled-oil mixes with another oil.5.4 In certain cases,there may be interfering substanceswhich require modification of the infrared test method or theuse of other test methods(see Practice D3326,Method D.)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods forAnalysis forOrganic Substances in Water.Current edition approved June 15,2011.Published July 2011.Originallyapproved in 1975.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D341498(2004).DOI:10.1520/D3414-11E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.5 It is desirable,whenever possible,to apply other inde-pendent analytical test methods to reinforce the findings of theinfrared test method(see Practice D3415).6.Apparatus6.1 Infrared SpectrophotometerAn instrument3capable ofrecording in the spectral range from 4000 to 600 cm1andmeeting the specifications is shown in Table 1.Refer also toPractice E275.Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometersmeet these specifications.NOTE1Although this test method i