ASTM_D_2864_-_21a.pdf

Designation:D286421aStandard Terminology Relating toElectrical Insulating Liquids and Gases1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2864;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe definitions contained in this terminology pertain to terms as they are used in conjunction withfluid insulating materials.Insofar as possible,the definitions are consistent with accepted generalusage,and may also contain additional information deemed to be of value in testing of fluid insulatingmaterials.1.Referenced Documents1.1 ASTM Standards:2D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed AnilinePoint of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD2007 Test Method for Characteristic Groups in RubberExtender and Processing Oils and Other Petroleum-Derived Oils by the Clay-Gel Absorption Chromato-graphic MethodD2140 Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Compositionof Insulating Oils of Petroleum OriginD2300 Test Method for Gassing of Electrical InsulatingLiquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization(ModifiedPirelli Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid FuelsD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of DistillateFuels(Withdrawn 2010)3E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-ships2.Terminologyac,nsymbol used to designate an electric voltage or currentwhose amplitude varies periodically as a function of time,itsaverage value over one complete period being zero.Onecomplete repetition of the wave pattern is referred to as aCYCLE,and the number of cycles occurring in one secondis called the FREQUENCY,measured in hertz(Hz).Forexample,the electricity supplied by commercial utilitycompanies in the United States is,in most localities,60 Hz,although other frequencies may be encountered.acid treating,na refining process in which an unfinishedpetroleum insulating oil is contacted with sulfuric acid toimprove its color,odor,stability,and other properties.ac loss characteristics,nthose properties of a dielectric orinsulation system(such as dissipation factor,power factor,and loss index)that may be used as a measure of the poweror energy losses that would result from the use of suchmaterial in an ac electric field.additive,na chemical compound or compounds added to aninsulating fluid for the purpose of imparting new propertiesor altering those properties which the fluid already has.ambient temperature,nthe temperature of the surroundingatmosphere as determined by an instrument shielded fromdirect or reflected rays of the sun.aniline point,nthe minimum temperature for completemiscibility of equal volumes of aniline and the sample undertest.See Test Methods D611.In comparing two samples ofsimilar molecular weight,the aniline point can be used as ameans of comparing aromatic content of the two samples.Aproduct of high aniline point will be low in aromatics andnaphthenes,and therefore high in paraffins.API gravity,nan arbitrary scale developed by the AmericanPetroleum Institute and frequently used in reference topetroleum insulating oil.The relationship between APIgravity and specific gravity 60/60 F is defined by thefollowing:Deg API Gravity at 60F 5 141.5/sp gr 60/60 F!2 131.5aromatics,nthat class of organic compounds which behavechemically like benzene.They are cyclic unsaturated organic1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 onElectrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D27.15 on Planning Resource and Development.Current edition approved Nov.1,2021.Published December 2021.Originallyapproved in 1970.Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D2864 21.DOI:10.1520/D2864-21A.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1?compounds that can sustain an induced electronic ringcurrent due to delocalization of electrons around the ring.DISCUSSIONEmpirically,the aromatic portion of a mineral insulat-ing oil can be estimated by correlation with physical properties(SeeTest Method D2140),or by selective adsorption on clay-gel(See TestMethod D2007).askarel,na generic term for a group o