ASTM_D_2709_-_16.pdf

Designation:D270916Standard Test Method forWater and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2709;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volumeof free water and sediment(as a percentage of the sample)thatis suspended in the bulk fuel in middle distillate fuels withviscosities in the range of 1.0 mm2/s to 4.1 mm2/s at 40 C(1.0 cSt to 4.1 cSt at 104 F)and densities in the range of770 kgm3to 900 kg m3at 15 C.NOTE1Fuels corresponding to Specification D396 Grades No.1 and2,D975 Grades No.1-D and 2-D,Specification D2880 Grades No.0-GT,1-GT and 2-GT,and Specification D3699 Grades No.1-K and 2-K andsimilar middle distillate fuels and blendstocks will usually fall in thisviscosity and density range.Test Method D1796 is intended for higherviscosity fuel oils.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe non-SI values are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D396 Specification for Fuel OilsD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method(Laboratory Procedure)D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3699 Specification for KerosineD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3.Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method,refer toTerminology D4175.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 free water,nwater in excess of that soluble in thefuel at the temperature of the test and appearing in the fuel asa haze,cloudiness,droplets,or water layer.3.2.1.1 DiscussionNote that when there is a water layer ina biodiesel fuel blend,there can be water-soluble componentspresent in the free water.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 rcfrelative centrifugal force.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A 100 mL sample of the undiluted fuel is centrifuged ata relative centrifugal force(see 6.2)of 800 for 10 min at 21 Cto 32 C(70 F to 90 F)in a specified centrifuge tube.Aftercentrifugation,the volume of free water and sediment that hassettled into the tip of the centrifuge tube is read to the nearest0.005 mL and reported as the volumetric percent water andsediment by centrifuge.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used as an indication of free waterand sediment suspended as haze,cloudiness,or droplets inmiddle distillate fuels such as Grades No.1 and 2 fuel oil(Specification D396),Grades No.1-D and 2-D diesel fuel(Specification D975),and Grades No.0-GT,1-GT,and 2-GTgas turbine fuels(Specification D2880),similar fuels andblendstocks used to make these fuels.5.2 Appreciable amounts of free water and sediment in afuel oil tend to cause fouling of fuel-handling facilities and togive trouble in the fuel system of a burner or engine.Anaccumulation of sediment in storage tanks and on filter screenscan obstruct the flow of oil from the tank to the combustor.Free water in middle distillate fuels can cause corrosion of1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved April 1,2016.Published May 2016.Originallyapproved in 1968.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2709 96(2011)1.DOI:10.1520/D2709-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 tanks and equipment,and if detergent is present,the water cancause emulsions or a hazy appearance.Free water can supportmicrobiological growth at fuel-water interfaces in fuel systems.6.Apparatus6.1 Centrifuge,capable of spinning one or more pairs offilled centrifuge tubes at a speed which can be controlled togive a relative centrifugal force(rcf)of 800 6 60 at the tip ofthe tubes.The revolving head,trunnion rings,and trunnioncups,including the cu