ASTM_D_2878_-_21.pdf

Designation:D287821Standard Test Method forEstimating Apparent Vapor Pressures and MolecularWeights of Lubricating Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2878;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers a calculation procedure forconverting data obtained by Test Method D972 to apparentvapor pressures and molecular weights.It has been demon-strated to be applicable to petroleum-based and synthetic esterlubricating oils,2at temperatures of 395 K to 535 K(250 F to500 F).However,its applicability to lubricating greases hasnot been established.NOTE1Most lubricants boil over a fairly wide temperature range,afact recognized in discussion of their vapor pressures.For example,theapparent vapor pressure over the range 0%to 0.1%evaporated may beas much as 100 times that over the range 4.9%to 5.0%evaporated.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.In cases in which materials,products,or equipmentare available in inch-pound units only,SI units are omitted.1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can causeserious medical issues.Mercury,or its vapor,has been dem-onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containingproducts.See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet(SDS)for additional information.The potential exists that sellingmercury or mercury-containing products,or both,is prohibitedby local or national law.Users must determine legality of salesin their location.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability or regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements,see 6.2,7.1,8.2,and AnnexA2.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate,Sheet,and Strip for PressureVessels and for General ApplicationsD92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD972 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of LubricatingGreases and OilsD2503 Test Method for Relative Molecular Mass(MolecularWeight)of Hydrocarbons by Thermoelectric Measure-ment of Vapor PressureD2595 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of LubricatingGreases Over Wide-Temperature RangeD2883 Test Method for Reaction Threshold Temperature ofLiquid and Solid Materials(Withdrawn 2016)4D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and LubricantsE659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Chemi-cals3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method,referto Terminology D4175.3.1.2 apparent vapor pressure(p),nthe time-averagedvalue of the vapor pressure from the start to the end of theevaporation test.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.L0.07 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids(Formally D02.1100).Current edition approved Dec.1,2021.Published February 2022.Originallyapproved in 1970.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D2878 10(2016).DOI:10.1520/D2878-21.2Coburn,J.F.,“Lubricant Vapor Pressure Derived from Evaporation Loss,”Transactions,American Society of Lubricating Engineers,ASLTA,Vol 12,1969,pp.129134.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.13.1.2.1 DiscussionWhile this may include some effects ofdifferences in nonidea