ASTM_D_2866_-_11.pdf

Designation:D286611Standard Test Method forTotal Ash Content of Activated Carbon1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2866;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determi-nation of total ash content of activated carbon.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and deterrmine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2867 Test Methods for Moisture in Activated CarbonD7582 Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal andCoke by Macro Thermogravimetric AnalysisE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Summary of Test Method3.1 An accurately weighed sample of dried activated carbonis placed in a controlled-temperature muffle furnace for aperiod of several hours.When constant weight has beenachieved(60.5 mg),the crucible is cooled to ambient tem-perature in a desiccator and reweighed.The weight of the ashedcarbon is expressed as a percentage of the weight of theoriginal carbon sample.4.Significance and Use4.1 In specific end uses,the amount and composition of theash may influence the capabilities and certain desired proper-ties of activated carbon.4.2 Other automated methods for determination of ashcontent,such as combusting the carbon in a thermogravimetricanalyzer(TGA)in flowing air or oxygen,can be used in placeof this test method.A suitable method is described in TestMethod D7582.For determination of the ash content ofactivated carbon,follow the procedure in 13.5.3 of TestMethod D7582 with the exception that the furnace temperaturein 13.4.3 shall be 650 625C.The muffle furnace method shallbe considered the reference test method.5.Apparatus5.1 Muffle Furnace,having air circulation,capable of tem-perature regulation of 625C at 650C.5.2 High-Temperature Crucible,high-form.5.3 Analytical Balance,having a sensitivity of 0.1 mg.5.4 Desiccator.5.5 Oven,forced-air circulation,capable of temperatureregulation between 145 and 155C.6.Procedure6.1 Ignite the crucible in the muffle furnace at 650 6 25Cfor 1 h.Place the crucible in the desiccator.Cool to roomtemperature and weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg.6.2 Dry an adequate sample of activated carbon to constantweight(60.5 mg)at 150 65C(3 h is usually sufficient).NOTE1Some carbons can ignite spontaneously at 150C.In this case,moist carbon should be used with a correction for moisture(in accordancewith Methods D2867)applied in the calculations.In this case,the ashingshould be started in a cold muffle furnace.6.3 Weigh out to the nearest 0.1 mg sufficient dried acti-vated carbon,so that the estimated amount of ash will be 0.1 g,into the ignited crucible and place the crucible in the furnace at650 6 25C.Ashing will require from 3 to 16 h,depending onthe size and type of activated carbon.Ashing can be consideredcomplete when constant weight(60.5 mg)is achieved.6.4 Place the crucible in the desiccator and allow to cool toroom temperature.After the sample has cooled in the desicca-tor,admit air slowly to avoid loss of ash from the crucible.Weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg.7.Calculation7.1 Calculate the ash content as follows:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 onActivated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on GasPhase Evaluation Tests.Current edition approved May 1,2011.Published June 2011.Originallyapproved in 1970.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2866 94(2004).DOI:10.1520/D2866-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 Total ash,%5D 2 B!/C 2 B!#3100(1)where:B=weight of crucible,g,C=weight of crucible plus original sample,g,andD=weight of crucible plus ashed sample,g.8.Precision and Bias38.1 Precision:8.1.1Interlaboratory Test ProgramAn interlaboratorystudy was run in which representative samples of three types ofactivated carbon(coconut-shell based(A),coal-based(B),andwood-based(C)were tested for ash content by six laboratorieswith each laboratory making three observations of each acti-vated carbon type over three days.Practice