ASTM_D_2985_-_D_2985M_-_92_2011e1.pdf

Designation:D2985/D2985M92(Reapproved 2011)1Standard Test Method forColor of Asbestos1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2985/D2985M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was editorially corrected in February 2012.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of color,whiteness,and yellowness of asbestos by means of a photo-electric reflectometer.1.2 The test method is applicable to all grades and varietiesof homogeneous milled asbestos.1.3 This test method may be applied to samples that are notdry or homogeneous,or that contain impurities or adulterants.However,in such cases,results may not be comparable withthose obtained on clean dry samples.1.4 To obtain similar results from spectrophotometers,seeTest Method E308.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.6 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions,when working with asbestos-cement products,minimize the dust that results.For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysotile asbestos,refer to“Safe Use ofChrysotile:A Manual of Preventive and Control Measures.”21.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD2590 Test Method for Sampling Chrysotile AsbestosD2946 Terminology for Asbestos and AsbestosCementProductsD3879 Test Method for Sampling Amphibole Asbestos(Withdrawn 2009)4E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE259 Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder WhiteReflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemisphericaland Bi-Directional GeometriesE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usingthe CIE System3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 black,adj,adjcolor name applied to opaque objectsthat are highly absorbing throughout the visible spectrum.3.1.2 CIE,nacronym for International Commission onIllumination,which in French is Commission Internationale delEclairage.3.1.3 CIE observer,nSee observer,standard,CIE 1931and observer,supplementary,CIE 1964.3.1.4 CIE source C,nSee standard source.3.1.5 color,psychophysical,ncharacteristics of a colorstimulus(that is,light producing a sensation of color)denotedby three dimension values such as three tristimulus values.3.1.6 daylight 0.785 rad,0 rad(45,0)luminous direc-tional reflectancedaylight 0.785 rad,0 rad(45,0)luminousdirectional reflectance(for brevity called reflectance)is the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos-Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved Nov.1,2011.Published February 2012.Originallyapproved in 1971.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2985 92(2006).DOI:10.1520/D2985_D2985M-92R11E01.2Available from The Asbestos Institute,http:/ referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Taken in part from Procedure No.B5-9 of Socete Asbestos Lte e,withpermission.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 ratio of the luminous flux from a specimen illuminated at anangle of 0.785 rad(45)by CIE standard source C6(averagedaylight)and viewed perpendicularly by the CIE standardobserver,to the luminous flux from the standard magnesiumoxide layer,similarly illuminated and viewed(Note 1).Thecombination of illumination at 0.785 rad(45)and viewing at0 rad(0)(perpendicularly)has been selected as being repre-sentative of average conditions of illuminating and viewing.The property of reflectance determines which of two specimenswill appear lighter when viewed in average daylight at an angleat which the observation of highlights is avoided.NOTE1These conditions of illumination and ob