ASTM_D_4361_-_10.pdf

Designation:D436110Standard Test Method forApparent Tack of Printing Inks and Vehicles by a Three-Roller Tackmeter1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4361;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determiningthe apparent tack of printing inks using a three-roller tackme-ter.1.2 This test method is applicable to all paste-type printinginks and vehicles that are essentially nonvolatile under ordi-nary room conditions,provided that any elastomer coveredrollers in the tackmeter are resistant to attack by the particularink or vehicle chemistry.Different elastomers may be requiredfor different ink or vehicle chemistries.1.3 This test method covers three-roller tackmeters of twodifferent geometries,referred to as Geometry A and GeometryB.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 tack,nfunction of the force required to split a thinfluid film of a printing ink or vehicle between two rapidlyseparating surfaces.3.1.1.1 DiscussionTack is a rheological parameter indica-tive of internal cohesion of the fluid.It is not a fixed numberbut varies with operating conditions,primarily separationvelocity,splitting area,force applied by the measuring rollerand film thickness.Tack also varies with changes in therheological properties of the ink or vehicle as a result of time,temperature,and interactions with the separating surfaces.Inpractice,one or more of these surfaces usually consist ofelastomer rollers that may differ in composition and geometryand whose properties tend to change with age,nature ofpreviously run fluids,type of wash-up solvent,and mechanicalflaws.Tack readings are also sensitive to the calibration andzero accuracy of the tackmeter used.Different manufacturerstackmeters may use different tack scales.3.1.2 apparent tack,ntack reading obtained at a specificset of conditions.3.1.3 flying,ntendency of a printing ink or vehicle to beejected as large globules from a roller distribution system.3.1.3.1 DiscussionFlying is generally most severe duringrapid roller acceleration such as occurs when switching imme-diately from zero or a slow speed to a high operating speed.3.1.4 misting,ntendency of a printing ink or vehicle to beejected as a fine aerosol from a roller distribution system.3.1.4.1 DiscussionMisting is generally most severe athigh operating speeds and with fluids that produce longfilaments.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A thin film of the test printing ink or vehicle is appliedto the three-roller distribution system of the tackmeter,whichoperates at speeds comparable to those on the roller trains ofproduction printing presses.Measurement of the frictionaltorque induced by drag forces in the splitting film provides avalue for apparent tack.Readings may vary from instrumentsupplier to instrument supplier and from geometry to geometry.4.2 The procedures in this test method are designed to givea single value for apparent tack at a specific set of instrumentconditions.Typical conditions are as follows:a cooling water1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehiclesassisted in the development of the vehicle portion of this test method.Current edition approved Dec.1,2010.Published February 2011.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4361 09.DOI:10.1520/D4361-10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 temperature of 32C;a film thickness of 12 m of the testmaterial applied to the rollers for Geometry A and 5 m forGeometry B;and a reading after 1 min of operation.Differentspeeds are specified for different types of instruments.Alter-native conditions may be used by agreement b