ASTM_D_2663_-_14.pdf

Designation:D266314Standard Test Methods forCarbon BlackDispersion in Rubber1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2663;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the degree of dispersion ofcarbon black in rubber.Four test methods are described asfollows:SectionsTest Method AVisual Inspection3 11Test Method BAgglomerate Count12 22Test Method CMicroroughness Measurementwith Profilometer23 33Test Method DMicroroughness Measurement with IFM34 421.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3182 Practice for RubberMaterials,Equipment,and Pro-cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and PreparingStandard Vulcanized SheetsD4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustries2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Carbon Black Dispersion Standards3Carbon Black Dispersion Chart4TEST METHOD AVISUAL INSPECTION3.Scope3.1 Test Method A is a qualitative visual test method.Ratings are made against a set of standard photographs(Fig.1),3and the results are expressed on a numerical scale.This testmethod cannot be used for compounds that contain fillers otherthan carbon black.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The compound rubber is torn or cut to expose a freshsurface for examination by the eye,aided preferably by a handlens or a low-power binocular microscope.The dispersionlevel of the carbon black is compared against a series of fivephotographic standards and then rated numerically from 1(very low)to 5(high)(see Fig.1).5.Significance and Use5.1 Visual dispersion ratings correlate with certain impor-tant physical properties of the compound.A rating of 5indicates a state of dispersion developing near maximumproperties,while a rating of 1 would indicate a state ofdispersion developing considerably depressed properties.Normally,the visual dispersion ratings indicate the followinglevels of compound quality:Visual Dispersion RatingClassification4 to 5High3 to 4Intermediate2 to 3Low1 to 2Very low6.Apparatus6.1 Sharp Knife or Razor Blade.6.2 Hand Lens(10)or binocular microscope(10 to 20).6.3 Illuminator,microscopical-type.6.4 Knife Heater.6.5 Series of Photographic Standards,rating 1 to 5.Thesestandards give the following percent dispersion ratings by theAgglomerate Count Method:Visual RatingBlack Dispersed,%1702803914965991These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 onCarbon Black and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.71 on CarbonBlack Testing in Rubber.Current edition approved Jan.1,2014.Published February 2014.Originallyapproved in 1967.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2663 08.DOI:10.1520/D2663-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJD266302.Original adjunct produced in 1967.4Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJD266301.Original adjunct produced in 1967.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.Test Specimen7.1 Vulcanized CompoundsUse a slab of rubber about2 mm in thickness.Tear it so that a fresh surface is exposed.The tear may be initiated by a small cut.The most nearly flatpart of the tear is used for rating.7.2 Unvulcanized CompoundsUnvulcanized rubber maybe examined as follows:7.2.1 If the specimen contains curing agents,sheet it out andcure in a press to form a vulcanized slab about 2 mm inthickness.Mill and cure in accordance with Practice D3182.Then proceed as in 7.1.7.2.2 If the specimen contains no curatives,add the appro-priate materials with a minimum of mixing.Then cure andproceed as above.7.2.3 If the specimen contains no curatives and a dispersionevaluation with no further mixing is required,the compoundmust first be compressed to remove most of the air holes.Toaccomplish this,press the rubber into a slab between thinFIG.1 Carbon Black Dispersion StandardsVisual Analysis of Torn VulcanizatesD2663 142 sheets of plastic in a mold at a pressure of about 1.03 kPa for5 min at 105C.Care should be taken to avoid excessive flowduring this step.The surface to be examined is formed with asmoo