ASTM_D_2946_-_01_2010.pdf

Designation:D294601(Reapproved 2010)Standard Terminology forAsbestos and AsbestosCement Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2946;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology covers terms and definitions,defini-tions of terms,and abbreviations of terms relating to asbestosand asbestos-cement products.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C150 Specification for Portland CementC296 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Pressure PipeC428 Specification forAsbestos-Cement Nonpressure SewerPipeC458 Test Method for Organic Fiber Content of Asbestos-Cement ProductsC500 Test Methods for Asbestos-Cement PipeC508 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Underdrain PipeC541 Specification for Linings for Asbestos-Cement PipeC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC663 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Storm Drain PipeC668 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Transmission PipeC875 Specification for Asbestos-Cement ConduitC966 Guide for Installing Asbestos-Cement NonpressurePipeD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of WaterD1118 Test Method for Magnetic Rating of Asbestos Fiberand Asbestos TextilesD1126 Test Method for Hardness in WaterD1918 Test Method for Asbestos Content of Asbestos Tex-tilesD2589 Test Method for McNett Wet Classification of DualAsbestos FiberD2950 Test Method for Density of Bituminous Concrete inPlace by Nuclear MethodsD2985 Test Method for Color of AsbestosD3879 Test Method for Sampling Amphibole Asbestos(Withdrawn 2009)3E284 Terminology of AppearanceE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usingthe CIE SystemE849 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relatingto Occupational Exposure to Asbestos(Withdrawn 1991)32.2 Other Documents:2ASTM STP 834,1982 Definitions for Asbestos and OtherHealth-Related Silicates3.Terminologyaccessible bag,nfor sampling,a bag(in a pile of bags ofasbestos fiber)of which at least one side or one end is fullyexposed.accessible surface,nfor sampling,in a pile of bags ofasbestos fiber,a side(of the pile)in which all the bags areaccessible bags.accessoriessubordinate material such as fasteners,backerstrips,closure strips,ridge and corner rolls,roofing startersand finishing pieces,couplings,gaskets,pipe fittings or othersupplementary material necessary for the proper applicationof primary asbestos-cement products.actinolite asbestosasbestiform variety of the monoclinicamphibole silicate minerals of the tremolite-actinolite series.DISCUSSIONIts empirical formula is Ca2(Mg,Fe+2)5Si8O22(OH)2.Its Chemical Abstracts4number is 77536-66-4(see Table 1 and Table2).adhesion,nfor asbestos,see fiber adhesion.aggressivity index,nmeasure of the corrosiveness of watertoward asbestos-cement defined as:pH1logAH!(1)where:pH=negative of the logarithm of the hydronium molarity(index of acidity of the water)pH units.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos-Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved Aug.1,2010.Published October 2010.Originallyapproved in 1971.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2946 01(2005).DOI:10.1520/D2946-01R10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Taken from Practice E849.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 A=total alkalinity,ppm as CaCO3,as determined by TestMethods D1067,andH=calcium hardness,ppm as CaCO3,as determined byTest Method D1126.DISCUSSIONThe aggressiveness of water toward asbestos-cement isclassified as follows:Aggressivity Indexhighly aggressive Mg)Cummingtonite(Mg,Fe)7(Si8O22)(OH)2TremoliteCa2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2FerroactinoliteCa2Fe5(Si8O22)(OH)2ActinoliteCa2(Mg,Fe2+)5(Si8O22)(OH)2GlaucophaneNaMg3Al2(Si8O22)(OH)2ATaken from Deer,Howie,and Zusman,Rock Forming Minerals,Vol.3,Longmans,London,1967.D2946 01(2010)2(or not appreciably displaced therefrom)and having atransverse dimension typically between 2 and 8 mm(seeTable 3).caulkingmaterial ranging in physical characteristics fromplastic,to solid,to preformed,used to seal and waterproofjoints and overlaps in structures,other assemblies or portionsthereof where movement may occur.chemical resistancefor asbestos cement products,the abilityof the product to resist chemical attack,dissolution,decom-position or other chemical change