ASTM_D_2937_-_10.pdf

Designation:D293710Standard Test Method forDensity of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2937;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of in-placedensity of soil by the drive-cylinder method.The test methodinvolves obtaining a relatively intact soil sample by driving athin-walled cylinder and the subsequent activities for thedetermination of in-place density.When sampling or in-placedensity is required at depth,Test Method D1587 should beused.1.2 This test method is not appropriate for sampling organicsoils which can compress upon sampling,very hard naturalsoils and heavily compacted soils which cannot be easilypenetrated by the drive sampler,soils of low plasticity whichwill not be readily retained in the cylinder,or soils whichcontain appreciable amounts of gravel(particles coarser than4.75 mm(316in.).The presence of particles coarser than 4.75mm(316in.)may introduce significant errors in densitymeasurements by causing voids along the wall of the cylinderduring driving,and when coarse materials have to be dislodgedby the trimming of the sample obtained by the cylinder.1.3 This test method is limited to the procedures necessaryfor obtaining specimens suitable for determining the in-placedensity and water content of certain soils.The procedures andprecautions necessary for selecting locations and obtainingintact samples suitable for laboratory testing or otherwisedetermining engineering properties is beyond the scope of thistest method.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The inch-pound units given in parentheses aremathematical conversions,which are provided for informationpurposes only and are not considered standard.1.4.1 It is common practice in the engineering/constructionprofession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unitof mass(lbm)and a unit of force(lbf).This implicitlycombines two separate systems of units;that is,the absolutesystem and the gravitational system.It is scientifically unde-sirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-poundunits within a single standard.As stated,this standard includesthe gravitational system of inch-pound units and does notuse/present the slug unit for mass.However,the use ofbalances or scales recording pounds of mass(lbm)or therecording of density in lbm/ft3shall not be regarded asnonconformance with this standard.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026,unless superseded by this standard.1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard.In addition,they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained.The proce-dures used do not consider material variation,purpose forobtaining the data,special purpose studies,or any consider-ations for the users objectives;and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort(12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Modified Effort(56,000 ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3)1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special andConstruction Control Tests.Current edition approved March 15,2010.Published April 2010.Originallyapproved in 1971.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2937 04.DOI:10.1520/D2937-10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled