ASTM_D_4175_-_15c.pdf

Designation:D417515cStandard Terminology Relating toPetroleum,Petroleum Products,and Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation ofterminology developed by Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants,except that it does notinclude terms/definitions specific only to the standards inwhich they appear.1.1.1 The terminology,mostly definitions,is unique topetroleum,petroleum products,lubricants,and certain productsfrom biomass and chemical synthesis.Meanings of the sameterms outside of applications to petroleum,petroleum products,and lubricants can be found in other compilations and indictionaries of general usage.1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:(1)in thestandards in which they appear and(2)in this compilation.2.Terminology2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for eachterm showing attributions as to source and subcommitteejurisdiction is in bold print following the definition.Thoseshowing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommit-tee CS 95.Some abbreviations,acronyms,and symbols areincluded in the list.3-MPA,n3-methylphenylamineD02.J0 D6812AAS,natomic absorption spectrometry,an analytical tech-nique for measuring metal content of solutions,based on acombination of flame source,hollow cathode lamp,photomultiplier,and a readout device.D02.03 D7876abrasion,nwear due to hard particles or hard protuberancesforced against and moving along a solid surface.D02.B0 D4998abrasive wearwear due to hard particles or hard protuber-ances forced against and moving along a solid surface.D02.L0 D5182absolute filtration rating,nthe diameter of the largest hardspherical particle that will pass through a filter underspecified test conditions.This is an indication of the largestopening in the filter element.D02.N0 D4174absorbance,nlogarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of thereciprocal of the transmittance.D02.03 D7740absorbance,A,nthe molecular property of a substance thatdetermines its ability to take up radiant power,expressed by:A 5 log101/T!5 2log10Twhere T is the transmittance.DISCUSSIONAbsorbance expresses the excess absorption over thatof a specified reference or standard.It is implied that compensation hasbeen affected for reflectance losses,solvent absorption losses,andrefractive effects,if present,and that attenuation by scattering is smallcompared with attenuation by absorption.D02.04 D2008absorptivity,a,nthe specific property of a substance toabsorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and pathlength,expressed by:a 5 Af/bcwhere:A=the absorbance,f=the dilution factor,b=sample cell path length,andc=the quantity of absorbing substance contained in avolume of solvent.D02.04 D2008acceptance limit(AL),na numerical value that defines thepoint between acceptable and unacceptable quality.DISCUSSIONThe AL is not necessarily the specification limit.It isthe value that takes into account the specification value,the test methodprecision,and the confidence level desired for defining minimumacceptable quality relative to the specification value.D02.94 D3244accepted reference value(ARV),nvalue that serves as anagreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derived as(1)a theoretical or established value,based on scientificprinciples,(2)an assigned value,based on experimentalwork of some national or international organization,such asthe U.S.National Institute of Standards and Technology1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.95 on Terminology.Current edition approved Oct.15,2015.Published November 2015.Originallyapproved in 1983.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4175 15b1.DOI:10.1520/D4175-15C.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1(NIST),or(3)a consensus value,based on collaborativeexperimental work under the auspices of a scientific orengineering group.DISCUSSIONIn the context of this test method,accepted referencevalue is understood to apply to the ignition delay of specific referencematerials determined under reproducibility conditions by collaborativeexperimental work.D02.01 D6890,D02.94 D6299,D6792DISCUSSIONIn the context of this test method,accepted referencevalue is understood to apply to the Research octane number of specificreference materials determined empirically under reproducibility con-ditions by the National Exchange Group or another