ASTM_D_2595_-_96_2008e1.pdf

Designation:D259596(Reapproved 2008)1Standard Test Method forEvaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2595;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1NOTERemoved outdated source of supply footnote from Section 6 editorially in April 2013.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of evapora-tion loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93 and316C(200 and 600F).This test method is intended toaugment Test Method D972,which is limited to 149C(300F).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific safetyinformation,see 5.2.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate,Sheet,and Strip for PressureVessels and for General ApplicationsD217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD972 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of LubricatingGreases and OilsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lubricating grease,na semi-fluid to solid product ofa thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant bysurface tension and other physical forces.Other ingredients arecommonly included to impart special properties.D2173.1.2 thickener,na substance composed of finely-dividedparticles dispersed in a liquid to form the products structure.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThickeners can be fibers(such as vari-ous metallic soaps)or plates or spheres(such as certainnon-soap thickeners),which are insoluble or,at most,only veryslightly soluble in the liquid lubricant.The general require-ments are that the solid particles are extremely small,uni-formly dispersed,and capable of forming a relatively stable,gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant.D2174.Summary of Test Method4.1 A weighed sample of grease in an evaporation cell isplaced in a heating device maintained at the desired testtemperature.Heated air is passed over the grease surface for 226 0.1 h.The loss in weight of the sample due to evaporationis determined.5.Significance and Use5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils canadversely affect the original performance characteristics of alubricant and,therefore,could be a significant factor inevaluating a lubricant for a specific use.Such volatiles can alsobe considered contaminants in the environment in which thelubricant is to be used.Correlation between results from thistest method and service performance has not been established.5.2 The test method can be used at any specified tempera-ture between 93 and 316C(200 and 600F)that may beagreed upon by the user of the method.(WarningThis testmethod should not be used at temperatures which exceed theflash point of the base oil of the grease.)NOTE1The specified flow of air,2.58 6 0.02 g/min,(2 L/min atstandard temperature and pressure),assumes dry air.It is not known thatthe original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.G0.03 on Physical Tests.Current edition approved May 1,2008.Published September 2008.Originallyapproved in 1967.Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D259596(2002)1.DOI:10.1520/D2595-96R08.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed.Air with a dewpoint of less than 10C at standard temperature and pressure will besatisfactory.6.Apparatus6.1 Evaporation Cell Assembly(Fig.1)consisting of thefollowing items:6.1.1 Sample Cup,A.6.1.2 Hood,B.6.1.3 Cover and Eduction Tube,CThese items(5.1.1 to5.1.3)shall be constructed from a stainless steel conforming toType 304 of Specification A240/A240M.Design dimensionsand dimensional tolerances shall be as shown in Fig.2 and Fig.3.6.1.4 GasketShall be of a heat-resistant(315C(600F)material.A gasket