ASTM_D_2689_-_88_1999.pdf

Designation:D 2689 88(Reapproved 1999)Standard Practices for TestingAlkyd Resins1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2689;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These practices cover test methods for testing alkydresins as listed in Table 1.They are the test methods most oftenused to characterize alkyds.All of the analytical test methodswere subjected to interlaboratory testing using oil-modifiedalkyds.Their adaptability to other types of alkyds has not beenstudied.Although each test method specifies a recommendedamount of specimen for starting a separate analysis,several ofthe procedures can be conducted on the same starting speci-men,if desired.For example,the tests for unsaponifiablematter,fatty acid content,oil identification,and phthalic acidcontent could all be run on a consecutive basis,if all wererequired.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Tester2D 563 Test Method for Phthalic Anhydride Content ofAlkyd Resins and Resin Solutions3D 1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids(Platinum-Cobalt Scale)4D 1259 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of ResinSolutions5D 1306 Test Method for Phthalic Anhydride Content ofAlkyd Resins and Esters Containing Other Dibasic Acids(Gravimetric)3D 1397 Test Method for Unsaponifiable Matter in AlkydResins and Resin Solutions3D 1398 Test Method for Fatty Acid Content of AlkydResins and Alkyd Resin Solutions3D 1475 Test Method for Density of Paint,Varnish,Lacquer,and Related Products5D 1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids(Gardner Color Scale)5D 1545 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquidsby Bubble Time Method3D 1639 Test Method for Acid Value of Organic CoatingMaterials3D 2090 Test Method for Clarity and Cleanness of Paint andInk Liquids3D 2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and OilAcidsin Solvent-Reducible Paints5D 2455 Test Method for Identification of Carboxylic Acidsin Alkyd Resins3D 2690 Test Method for Isophthalic Acid in Alkyd andPolyester Resins3D 2998 Test Method for Polyhydric Alcohols in AlkydResins3D 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Set-aflash Closed-Cup Apparatus53.Significance and Use3.1 These practices should be used as a reference for anyalkyd resin analyst who wants general information aboutclassifying alkyd resins.In each case,the significance and useof the specific classification item will be found in the refer-enced test method.64.Nonvolatile Content4.1 Aunique test method for determining nonvolatile matterin solutions of alkyd resins in volatile organic solvents pro-vides for the drying of very thin films of resin quickly,thus1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and are the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee D01.33 on Polymers and Resins.Current edition approved May 27,1988.Published October 1988.Originallypublished as D 2689 68.Last previous edition D 2689 80.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 06.03.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 06.04.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 06.01.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vols 06.02 and 06.03.TABLE 1 Test Methods for Testing Alkyd ResinsTest MethodSectionASTMDesignationNonvolatile content4 D 1259Acid value5D 1639Unsaponifiable matter6D 1397Fatty acid content7D 1398Identification of oils and acids8D 2245Phthalic anhydride content9D 563D 1306Isophthalic acid content10D 2690Polyhydric alcohol content11D 2998Identification of carboxylic acids12D 2455Flash point13D 93D 3278Color14D 1209D 1544Density15D 1475Viscosity16D 1545Clarity17D 20901AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS100 Barr Harbor Dr.,West Conshohocken,PA 19428Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.Copyright ASTMminimizing chances for volatiles to be trapped or drying oils tooxidize.Test Method A of Test Methods D 1259,was thor-oughly tested with alkyd resins with outstanding repeatabilityof 0.1%and reproducibility of 0.2%.This procedure,some-times referred to as the“foil”test method,should be consid-ered the“referee”test method for all alkyd analyses requiringmaximum precision.5.Acid Value5.1 Acid value of an alkyd resin is expressed as the numberof milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize thefree acidity of 1 g of nonvolatile material under the conditionsof the test.Test Method D 1639,was especially prepared forthis purpose.6.Unsaponifiable Matter6.1 The unsaponifiable matter in alkyd resins is the ethylether-soluble,water-insoluble portion that remains after arelatively large specimen has been subjected to an aqueous-alcoholic saponification.The yield is normally low and is anindication of purity insofar as the pr