ASTM_D_4033_-_92.pdf

Designation:D 4033 92Standard Test Method forResistance to Yarn Slippage at the Sewn Seam inUpholstery Fabrics(Dynamic Fatigue Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4033;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of or visualevaluation of yarn slippage and other types of failures in thethree most commonly used upholstery seamswarp sewn towarp(wale to wale),filling sewn to filling(course to course),and warp sewn to filling(wale to course).The stresses at theseam are created by imposing a cyclic,impact,and penetratingload which fatigues the seam construction.NOTE1Within this test method it is assumed,for simplicity,that thesample being tested is of a woven construction.In case the sample is of aknot construction,it is only necessary to substitute“wale”for“warp”and“course”for“filling”in the instructions.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.Within the text,theinch-pound units are shown in brackets.The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents;therefore,each systemmust be used independently of the other.Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in nonconformance with thespecification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles2D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing2D 3453 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsUrethane for Furniture and Automotive Cushioning Bed-ding,and Similar Applications3D 3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSlab,Bonded,and Molded Urethane Foams3D 3597 Specification for Woven Upholstery FabricsPlain,Tufted,or Flocked42.2Federal Standard:Fed.Std.No.751a Stitches,Seams,and Stitching53.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 fatiguing load,nin testing sewn seams,the forcethat is repeatedly applied to a test specimen.3.1.2 filling-to-filling seam,na sewn seam in which theyarns in the filling direction on both sides of the sewn seam areperpendicular to the seam.3.1.3 flagging,nin sewn seams,a mode of failure evi-denced by slippage of one or more yarns entirely out of theoriginal seam.3.1.4 reinforced seam,nin sewn fabrics,a seam thatincludes an additional layer of material on the face or back sideof the seam allowance.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe added material is used tostrengthen the seam and delay failure of the seam beyond theminimum acceptable limits and so enable the specimen to passa specified cyclic impact test.3.1.5 resistance to yarn slippage,nat the seam,the forcerequired to displace one or more yarns in a fabric from theoriginal position,causing differences in alignment,spacing,orboth.3.1.6 seam allowance,nin sewn fabric,the distance fromthe edge of a fabric to the parallel stitch line furthest from thatedge.3.1.7 sewn seam,nin sewn fabrics,a juncture at whichtwo or more planar structures such as textile fabrics,are joinedby sewing,usually near the edge.3.1.8 thread break,nin sewn seams,a mode of failureevidenced by rupture of the sewing thread.3.1.8.1 DiscussionA sewing thread break is not construedas a failure unless the test is being performed as a sewingthread analysis.3.1.9 warp-to-filling seam,na sewn seam in which thewarp yarns are perpendicular to the sewn seam on one side ofthe seam and parallel to the seam on the opposite side of thatseam.3.1.10 warp-to-warp seam,na sewn seam in which theyarns in the warp direction on both sides of the seam are1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,General.Current edition approved August 15,1992.Published January 1993.Originallypublished as D4033 82.Last previous edition D4033 82.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 07.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 09.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 07.02.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,Bldg.4 Section D,700Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia,Pa.19111-5094,Attn:NPODS.1Copyright ASTM,100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.NOTICE:This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information.perpendicular to the seam.3.1.11 yarn break,nin sewn seams,a mode of failureevidence by yarns rupturing at the seam or at any other area inthe test specimen(Syn.yarn burst and yarn tear).3.1.12 yarn slippage,nat the seam in sewn fabrics