ASTM_D_276_-_12.pdf

Designation:D27612Standard Test Methods forIdentification of Fibers in Textiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D276;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONMethods D276 62 T,Identification of Fibers in Textiles were discontinued in 1969 because theresponsible subcommittee failed to recommend adoption as standard after several years publication asa tentative.The subcommittee action was based on the members knowledge that the standard did notinclude several fiber types introduced to the textile trade after the methods were published,and thatthe techniques required to identify these fibers were lacking in the text,so that the text had becomeout of date.Reinstatement as a standard using the previously assigned designation was requested sincethe listed procedures were reliable and the text was considered to be the best available,though notall-inclusive.Extensive editorial changes were made in various sections in 1972,and the methodswere reinstated as D276 72.The methods have been revised completely,emphasizing infrared spectroscopic techniques foridentifying man-made fiber types.Methods for determining several physical properties and solubilitydata useful for confirming infrared spectral identifications have been included.The longitudinal andcross-section photographs of the various fibers have been omitted since they are published elsewhereand the usefulness for identification is limited.Extensive editorial changes have been made throughoutthe text.AATCC Test Method 20 was first published in 1947 and has been revised or reaffirmed on a regularbasis since that time.The most current version is AATCC“Test Method 202011”2.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the identification of thefollowing textile fibers used commercially in the United States:Acetate(secondary)NylonAcrylicNytrilAnidexOlefinAramidPolycarbonateAsbestosPolyesterCottonRamieCuprammonium rayonRayon(viscose)FlaxSaranFluorocarbonSilkGlassSpandexHempTriacetateJuteVinalLycocellVinyonModacrylicWoolNovoloid1.2 Man-made fibers are listed in 1.1 under the genericnames approved by the Federal Trade Commission and listed inTerminology D123,Annex A1(except for fluorocarbon andpolycarbonate).Many of the generic classes of man-madefibers are produced by several manufacturers and sold undervarious trademark names as follows(Note 1):AcetateAcele,Aviscon,Celanese,Chromspun,EstronAcrylicAcrilan,Courtelle,Creslan,Dralon,Orlon,ZefranAnidexAnim/8AramidKevlar,Nomex,Technora,TeijinConex,TwaronCuprammoniumBembergFluorocarbonTeflonGlassFiberglas,Garan,Modiglass,PPG,UltrastrandLyocellTencelModacrylicDynel,Kanecaron,Monsanto SEF,VerelNovoloidKynolPolyamide(Nylon)6Caprolan,Enka,Perlon,Zefran,EnkalonPolyamide(Nylon)6,6Antron,Blue C,Cantrece,Celanese Phillips,EnkaNylonPolyamide(Nylon)(other)Rilsan(nylon 11),Qiana,StanylEnka,(Nylon 4,6)NytrilDarvan1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Conditioning,Chemical and Thermal Properties.Current edition approved Feb.1,2012.Published March 2012.Originallyapproved in 1927.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D276 00a(2008).DOI:10.1520/D0276-12.2AATCC Technical Manual,available from the American Association of TextileChemists and Colorists,P.O.Box 12215,Research Triangle Park,NC 27709.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 OlefinDurel,Herculon,Marvess,PolycrestPolyesterAvlin,Beaunit,Blue C,Dacron,Encron,Fortrel,Kodel,Quintess,Spectran,Trevira,Vyoron,Zephran,Diolen,VectranRayonAvril,Avisco,Dynacor,Enka,Fiber 700,Fibro,Nupron,Rayflex,Suprenka,Tyrex,Tyron,CordenkaSaranEnjay,SaranSpandexGlospun,Lycra,Numa,UnelTriacetateArnelVinyonAvisco,Clevyl,Rhovyl,Thermovyl,VolpexNOTE1The list of trademarks in 1.2 contains only examples and doesnot include all brands produced in the United States or abroad andimported for sale in the United States.The list does not include examplesof fibers from two(or more)generic classes of polymers spun into a singlefilament.Additional information on fiber types and trademarks is given inRefs(1,2,and 3).31.3 Most manufacturers offer a variety of fiber types of aspecific generic class.Differences in tenacity,linear density,bulkiness,or the presence of inert delustrants normally do notinterfere with analytic tests,but chemical modifications(forsuch purposes as increased dyeability with certain dyestuffs)may affect the infrared spectra and some of the physicalproperties,particularly the melting point.Many generic classesof fibers are sold with a variety of cross-section shapesdesigned for s