ASTM_D_2709_-_96_2011e1.pdf

Designation:D270996(Reapproved 2011)1Standard Test Method forWater and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2709;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEAdded part of speech to term in 3.1.1 editorially in May 2011.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volumeof free water and sediment in middle distillate fuels havingviscosities at 40C(104F)in the range of 1.0 to 4.1 mm2/s(1.0 to 4.1 cSt)and densities in the range of 770 to 900 kg/m3.NOTE1Fuels corresponding to Specification D975 Grades 1D and2D,Specification D2880 Grades 0-GT,1-GT and 2-GT,and SpecificationD3699 Grades 1-K and 2-K will usually fall in this viscosity and densityrange.Test Method D1796 is intended for higher viscosity fuel oils.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D396 Specification for Fuel OilsD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method(Laboratory Procedure)D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3699 Specification for KerosineD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 distillate fuel,na virgin or cracked or blend of virginand cracked distillate having a flash point greater than 38C.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A 100-mL sample of the undiluted fuel is centrifuged ata relative centrifugal force of 800 for 10 min at 21 to 32C(70to 90F)in a centrifuge tube readable to 0.005 mL andmeasurable to 0.01 mL.After centrifugation,the volume ofwater and sediment which has settled into the tip of thecentrifuge tube is read to the nearest 0.005 mL and reported asthe volumetric percent water and sediment by centrifuge.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used as an indication of water andsediment in middle distillate fuels such as Grade Nos.1 and 2fuel oil(Specification D396),Nos.1-D and 2-D diesel fuel(Specification D975),and Nos.0-GT,1-GT,and 2-GT gasturbine fuels(Specification D2880).5.2 Appreciable amounts of water and sediment in a fuel oiltend to cause fouling of the fuel-handling facilities and to givetrouble in the fuel system of a burner or engine.An accumu-lation of sediment in storage tanks and on filter screens canobstruct the flow of oil from the tank to the combustor.Waterin middle distillate fuels can cause corrosion of tanks andequipment,and if detergent is present,the water can causeemulsions or a hazy appearance.Water is necessary to supportmicrobiological growth at fuel water-interfaces in fuel systems.6.Apparatus6.1 Centrifuge,capable of whirling two or more filledcentrifuge tubes at a speed which can be controlled to give arelative centrifugal force(rcf)of 800 6 60 at the tip of thetubes.The revolving head,trunnion rings,and trunnion cups,including the cushions,are to be soundly constructed towithstand the maximum centrifugal force capable of beingdelivered by the power source.The trunnion cups and cushionsshall support the tubes when the centrifuge is in motion.Thecentrifuge shall be enclosed by a metal shield or case strongenough to eliminate danger if any breakage occurs.6.2 The data in Table 1 can be used to determine thecentrifuge speed setting required for the centrifuge to meet1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved May 1,2011.Published August 2011.Originallyapproved in 1968.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D270996(2006).DOI:10.1520/D2709-96R11E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 relative centrifugal force requirements for this method and wasdeveloped using the following equations:rpm5 265=rcf/d(1)where:rcf=relative centrifugal force,andd=diameter of swing,in inches,measured between tips ofopposite tubes when in rotating position or